بازخوانی و تحلیل ابیات دشوار قصیده‌ای با التزام «صبح» از خاقانی شروانی

خاقانی شروانی به‌سبب داشتن ویژگی‌های منحصر‌به‌فرد، شیوه‌ای نو و غریب در ادب پارسی پدید آورده است. بهره‌گیری بسیار از ظرفیت‌های زبانی و ادبی، آگاهی از انواع علوم زمانه خود و کاربرد هنرمندانه آنها در شعر، توصیفات دقیق و گونه‌های تازه در صور خیال و ایجاد پیوندها و تناسبات لفظی و معنوی ظریف ازجمله این ویژگی‌هاست؛ البته این ویژگی‌های خاص بر پیچیدگی اشعار او نیز افزوده است. به همین سبب برای نمایان‌شدن همه نکته‌های پنهان و زیبایی‌های ادبی و فنی شعر او، خواننده باید دقت و کوشش بسیار داشته باشد. از همین روست که تاکنون شروح متعددی بر دیوان خاقانی نوشته شده است. با وجود این، هنوز گره بسیاری از مشکلات شعر او ناگشوده مانده است. یکی از قصاید دیوان خاقانی که اتفاقاً ابیات دیریاب و دشواری نیز دارد، قصیده‌ای است که خاقانی آن را در مدح خاقان اکبر منوچهر شروانشاه و بستن سد باقلانی و با التزام «صبح» در هر بیت سروده است. در این پژوهش، ضمن مطالعه و نقد همه شروح پیشین، کوشیده‌ایم تا با بررسی و تحلیل نُه بیت دشوار از این قصیده که به عقیده نگارندگان به تامل بیشتری نیاز داشته ‌است گام دیگری برای رفع پیچیدگی‌های شعری و ایضاح سخن خاقانی برداریم.

The Review and Analysis of Difficult Couplets of One of Khaqani’s Odes with the Commitment on using ‘Sobh’

AbstractKhāqāni Shirwāni, is one of the best poets who created a new form and style in Persian literature by his unique features. Some of the features are utilizing the maximum of linguistic and literary capacities, having complete knowledge of all kinds of sciences of his age and using them artistically in a poem, exact descriptions, new kinds of imagination, and making delicate links and relations. These special features have, of course, added to the complexity and difficulty of his poems. For this reason, the appearance of all the hidden points and the literary and technical beauty of his poetry requires the reader’s diligence and endeavor. Due to this fact, various interpretations have been written on his Divan (collection). Nevertheless, problems in his poems have not been solved yet. One of his odes, which has difficult couplets, is the one in the praise of Khāqāne Akbar Manoochehr Shirvānshāh, and the closure of Bāqlāni dam by use of ‘Sobh’ in each couplet. In this study, while investigating and criticizing all the previous interpretations, we have decided to take another step towards eliminating the poetry complexities and clarifying Khāqāni’s words by studying and analyzing nine difficult couplets of this ode.IntroductionKhāqāni Sharvāni is one of the brilliant Persian poets who has his own language and literary taste. He has his own unique and significant style. Using verbal and semantical capacities in its full extent, and also employing scientific concepts and terminologies of his own time in a creative way lead him to become a virtuoso. Khāqāni introduced figure of speech into scientific knowledge, and by doing so, he represented genuine images which lead to aesthetic values and poetic intrications in his works. There are various interpretations on his Divan (collection). Despite all of these attempts, there are still many complications in his works which many critics could not perceive them, and even in some cases interpreters follow the wrong set of assumptions. The purpose of this study was to analyze nine difficult couplets of one of Khaqani’s odes with the emphasis on using the word ‘Sobh’.Material & MethodsIn this study, library sources was used; through which some of Khāqāniʼs abstruse verses are studied rigorously. By using credible and original sources such as archaic tomes, intertextual and intratextual evidence, and by interpreting and analyzing contemporary perspectives, we can reach a veracious interpretation for every verses. In this study, some arguments were introduced to correct some of the peculiarities of the verses.Discussion of Results & ConclusionsOne of the Khāqāniʼs odes which has abstract and intricate verses put emphasis on the word ‘Sobh’ to extol ‘Khāqāne Akbar Manoochehr Sharvānshāh’ and the closure of Bāqlāni dam. This paper aimed to go through and interpret nine verses of this ode which, from the authors’ viewpoint, need more probe and investigations. In each case, by referring to various manuscripts and publications of Khāqāniʼs Divan, we attempted to find the best semantical interpretation of these nine verses, and then by using archaic sources, considering intertextual and intratextual hints and analyzing previous interpretations, we tried to terminate ambiguities. Hence, by doing so, we can achieve crystal clear meanings. In this way, we paid special attention to delicate semantic and verbal interrelation build up poetic texture of Khāqāniʼs works. We also paid attention to his distinctive style in using the knowledge of the time and in employing poetical and aesthetical images. The findings showed that if we ignore his creative conventions and imaginary forms, and if we overlook his mastery over his knowledge of his epoch, wrong assumptions will be made. By analyzing these verses, it was revealed that, in some cases, interpreters’ misreading and misconceptions created a huge obstacle for understanding the true meaning of his works. Another issue was Khāqāniʼs attention to multilayer meanings and concepts of some words and using these in an ambiguous way. Disregarding this poetic characteristic can lead to misjudgment of his poetic method. Analyzing and rereading of this odes open up some new ways for perceiving the poetic intention and solving his poetic ambiguities, by which we can represent an analytic approach to understand hidden layers of his poems and to illuminate his main viewpoint as well as other interpreters and researchers’ perspective.