influence of helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles (omvs) on snail/β-catenin cascade and metastasis-related proteins in 4t1 breast cancer cells

Background and objectives: this study investigates the impact of helicobacter pylori (h. pylori)-derived outer membrane vesicles (omvs) on the regulation of snail/β-catenin cascade and the production of metastasis-related proteins, such as e-cadherin and vimentin, in the 4t1 cell line. materials and methods: omvs were purified from h. pylori (atcc 700392) cultures and applied to 4t1 cells at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 μg/ml, with untreated cells serving as controls. the mtt assay was employed to quantify cell viability. expression profiles of +vimentin, snail, α-sma, and β-catenin genes were evaluated by qrt-pcr, while protein expression of e-cadherin and vimentin was analyzed via immunohistochemistry. data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods with spss and graphpad prism software.results: the mtt assay showed that 1 μg/ml omvs were safe for normal cells. at this concentration, the expression of vimentin, snail, α-sma, and β-catenin genes significantly increased in the treatment group (p≤0.05). additionally, vimentin protein decreased, and e-cadherin protein increased (p≤0.05). conclusion: h. pylori-derived omvs activate the snail/β-catenin cascade, influencing inflammatory responses and metastasis-related proteins, ultimately reducing migration in advanced cancer stages by modulating vimentin and e-cadherin expression.