detection of vim-1, vim-2 and imp-1 metallo- β-lactamase genes in klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical samples in sanandaj, kurdistan, west of iran

Background and objectives: klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of serious nosocomial infections among gram-negative bacteria. the aim of this study was evaluating the prevalence of vim-1, vim-2, and imp-1 metallo-β-lact- amase genes in clinical specimens at two teaching hospitals in sanandaj, kurdistan west of iran. materials and methods: four hundred different clinical specimens were collected from hospitalized patients or referred to hospitals from may 2013 to march 2014 in sanandaj, kurdistan, iran. mbls – producing k. pneumoniae detected by double disk synergy test. the mbl positive isolates were examined for the presence of vim-1, vim-2 and imp-1 genes using pcr technique. results: of four hundred clinical specimens, 114 k. pneumoniae isolates were identified. twenty-eight (24.6%) isolates were resistant to imipenem and 15 strains (53.6%) were positive for mbl enzymes production. pcr results showed vim-1 and imp-1 genes frequencies are 4 (26.7%) and 1 (6.7%). only one strain of k. pneumoniae was found to be mbl producer among the outpatients. conclusion: the study results exhibited a high level of resistance to most of the antibiotics tested and high prevalence of mbls producing in k. pneumoniae at two hospitals. thus, the infection control methods and the implementation of antibiotic agents should be taken into account.