isohemagglutinin titers and clinical significance in blood bank donors: a single-center cross-sectional cohort study

Background :isohemagglutinins directed against abo blood group antigens play a crucial role in transfusion and transplantation. understanding the distribution of isohemagglutinin titers in blood donors is critical, particularly in abo-incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). objectives :the present study aimed to investigate the distribution of anti-a, anti-b, igm, and igg titers among healthy blood donors stratified by blood group, sex, and age. methods :in this cross-sectional study, isohemagglutinin titers were measured in 1005 randomly selected donors (335 a, 335 b, and 335 o) at a single center. titers were evaluated using the column agglutination technique, and statistical analyses were used to compare titer distributions by sex and age group. results :the majority of donors were male (95.2%). elevated anti-b igm and igg titers were significantly more common among female donors, particularly at 1:128 and 1:256 levels for igm (p = 0.027; p = 0.012) and at the 1:1024 level for igg (p = 0.005). the overall distribution of the abo and rh blood groups in this cohort was consistent with that reported in previous turkish studies. conclusions :female donors demonstrated a tendency toward higher isohemagglutinin titers, although the small number of female participants limited definitive conclusions. these findings emphasize the need to screen high-titer donors, especially in the context of abo-incompatible hsct, and suggest that future longitudinal studies incorporating detailed immunologic histories are warranted.