echocardiographic findings in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (mis-c) associated with covid-19: a systematic review

Context: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (mis-c) associated with covid-19 can involve multiple organs, especially the heart, insomechildren with prior covid-19 infection. theworld health organization(who)and the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) guidelines provide valuable case definitions for mis-c, as utilized in this study. we aimed to identify and summarize the echocardiographic findings of mis-c based on these case definitions. evidence acquisition: we performed a systematic search in pubmed, embase, scopus, and cochrane databases. an additional source was also utilized to extend the identified records. the articles underwent a two-step screening process. then, eligible articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. results:we identified 33 eligible studies, recruiting 1,392 patients with mis-c. male patients were the majority, with 791 (56.8%) cases. the mean age of the patients was 8.35.9 years, while 28.5% of the children were identified with underlying conditions. the most commonechocardiographic findings were left ventricular systolic dysfunction (34.91%), valvular regurgitation (29.08%), pericardial involvement (22.58%), and coronary abnormalities (18.0%). conclusions: mis-c is a rare complication of covid-19 in children. early cardiologic investigations, especially echocardiography, can reveal manifestations, includingmyocardial dysfunction, coronary abnormalities, valvular pathologies, andpericardial involvement