small for gestational age is an independent risk factor for neurodevelopmental impairment

Background: there is a deficit of publications regarding the impact of small for gestational age (sga) on later neurodevelopment of premature infants and existing results are conflicting. objectives: the aim of the present study was multifaceted neurodevelopmental assessment of children born prematurely, with particular assessment of sga as an independent risk factor for impairment in prematurely born children.methods: eightynine children born with very low birth weight were evaluated at the age of 50 months. anthropometric measurements and several psychomotor tests (weefimfunctional independence measure scale, leiter testnonverbal psychometric evaluation, dtvp2developmental test of visual perception, castchildhood autism spectrum test, easctemperament questionnaire and tsdchildren vocabulary test) were performed in each child. results: sga appears to be a risk factor for low selfreliance (mean weefim score 89 ± 20 points vs 99 ± 15; p = 0.034), decreased nonverbal intelligence (leiter score 87 ± 18 points vs 100 ± 18 points; p = 0.022) and low visual perception (frostig test 81 ± 17 points vs 93 ± 17 points; p = 0.035). moreover, the incidence of autism spectrum disorders was significantly higher in the sga group (21% vs 2.8%; p = 0.029). there were no differences in frequency of cerebral palsy diagnosis, vocabulary test results and temper tests scores between sga and aga groups. conclusions: birth weight small for gestational age seems to be an additional, independent risk factor of neurodevelopmental delay in prematurely born children.