Pericardial Effusion and Atrial Thrombosis: A Rare Complication of Childhood Leukemia

Background: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) is the most common malignancy diagnosed in children.extra medullary leukemia including hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and mediastinal mass are the clinical presentations of t-cell all. pericardial effusion and atrial mass are rare presentations of pediatric leukemia.case presentation: we report a 15-year-old girl with t-cell all, who presented initially with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade and subsequently developed right atrial mass. the mediastinal and right atrial masses were excised by surgical procedure as a treatment strategy for prevention of arrhythmia and sudden death.conclusion: t-cell all can present with pericardial and mediastinal involvement as an initial manifestation.pericardiocenthesis and systemic anticancer chemotherapy without local chemotherapy should be considered in these cases