شناسایی عوامل موثر بر بستری مجدد بیماران در بخش‌های داخلی بیمارستان‌های آموزشی: یک مطالعه کیفی

زمینه و هدف: کاهش بستری مجدد به‌عنوان یک شاخص تعیین‌کننده عملکرد سیستم‌های مراقبتی و درمانی، نشان‌دهنده افزایش کیفیت خدمات در اولین مراقبت ارایه شده به بیمار است.روش بررسی: این مطالعه کیفی از نوع فنومنولوژی (phenomenology) بود که در سه بیمارستان آموزشی شهر کرمان از فروردین تا شهریور سال 1396 انجام شد. گردآوری داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختار‌یافته با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند از بین تمامی بیماران بستری در بخش‌های داخلی و پرستاران شاغل در بخش و پزشکان معالج انجام شد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از روش کلایزی هفت مرحله‌ای (seven level colaizzi method) استفاده شد.یافته‌ها: تحلیل مصاحبه‌ها منجر به شناسایی سه کد اصلی شامل ویژگی‌های شخصی بیماران، نیروی انسانی و عوامل بالینی، بیمارستان و عوامل محیطی و 11 کد فرعی شد.نتیجه‌گیری: باید با ارایه راهکارهای کاربردی و اجرای آن از طریق سیستم بهداشت و درمان کشور، زمینه لازم را برای کاهش میزان بستری مجدد جامعه فراهم آورد.

Identifying the factors influencing the re-admission of hospitalized patients in the internal wards of educational hospitals: a qualitative study

Background: Currently many hospitals around the country face increasing demands of their patients and readmission.The rate of readmission is a useful indicator for determining the performance of healthcare system and it shows the quality of services in the medical institutions. Readmissions have high economic, social and financial impact and studying the related factors seems to be high priority for healthcare systems.Methods: This qualitative study performed by phenomenological method in three educational hospitals in Kerman from April to September of 2017. Data collection was performed through semistructured interviews using targeted sampling among all patients who were hospitalized at internal medicine wards, nurses who were working in those wards, and in charge physicians. In total twenty patients, fifteen nurses, and five physicians were selected for interviews. The including criteria were for patients, the history of hospitalization at least once, during one month after the initial hospitalization, and for service providers, familiarity with the subject, work experience in the relevant department of at least three years for nurses and five years for physicians. A sevenstep clustering method was used to analyze the data.Results: The analysis of the interviews led to the identification of three main themes and 11 subthemes. The main themes included patientschr('39') characteristics, manpower and clinical factors, hospital, and environmental factors. Some of the subcodes included economic and living conditions, marriage status, insurance coverage, patientschr('39') beliefs and expectations, the presence or absence of underlying disease, education, lifestyle habits, dietary beliefs of hospitalized patients, lack of trust in medical staff, communication and cultural barriers, ignorance of service providers in treatment, lack of facilities, lack of motivation in medical staff, stressors and finally lack of hospital equipment.