بررسی فراوانی اضافه وزن و چاقی در کودکان پیش‌دبستانی شهر کرمان: گزارش کوتاه

زمینه و هدف: امروزه اضافه وزن و چاقی در کودکان از جمله نگرانی‌های اصلی سلامتی می‌باشند. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی فراوانی و عوامل موثر بر این اختلالات در کودکان پیش دبستانی شهر کرمان بود.روش بررسی: این مطالعه به‌صورت مقطعی و از دی تا اسفند 1395 در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمان انجام شده است که در آن 731 کودک پیش دبستانی با روش نمونه‌گیری آسان انتخاب و فراوانی اضافه وزن و چاقی با استفاده از شاخص توده بدنی برای سن آن‌ها محاسبه شد.یافته‌ها: تعداد 376 پسر (51/5%) و 355 دختر (48/5%) در این مطالعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. فراوانی اضافه وزن و چاقی به‌ترتیب 9/2% و 8/1% بود. بین اضافه وزن و چاقی با جنسیت، تعداد خواهر و برادر و تحصیلات والدین رابطه معنادار وجود نداشت ولی در رتبه تولد یک اختلاف مرزی مشاهده گردید (0/05=p).نتیجه‌گیری: اضافه وزن و چاقی در کودکان پیش دبستانی از فراوانی بالایی برخوردار بود.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Kerman: brief report

Background: Today, overweight and obesity are major health concerns in developed and developing countries. Meanwhile, the issue is particularly important in children due to its consequences in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of overweight and obesity in preschool children in Kerman, Iran.Methods: This crosssectional survey was conducted from December to March of 2016 among 731 preschool children (5 to 6 years old) who were selected using convenience sampling. The nutritional status of children was assessed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) expert committee guideline and based on body mass index (BMI) curves for age for boys and girls. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Chisquare test was used for data analysis, and the significance level was considered less than 0.05.Results: In this study, 376 boys (51.5%) and 355 girls (48.5%) were investigated. The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants was 68.7 ±4.2 months, 53% of these children were first children of the family and 30% of them were only children. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.2% and 8.1% respectively. There was no significant relationship between overweight and obesity with gender, number of siblings and parents' education. There was a borderline difference in birth order (P=0.05) and the frequency of overweight and obesity in the firstborn children was more than other birth orders.Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in preschool children. Since these risk factors in children are predictors of chronic diseases during adulthood, we need to design and implement interventions to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children.