بررسی یک طغیان بوتولیسم تیپ A در اعضای یک خانواده به‌دنبال مصرف کشک خانگی: گزارش کوتاه

زمینه و هدف: بیماری کشنده‌ی بوتولیسم به‌طور عمده توسط نوروتوکسین کلستریدیوم بوتولینوم ایجاد می‌شود. در این مطالعه وقوع این بیماری در اعضای خانواده‌ای گزارش شد.روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه بررسی بیماران، تمام علایم و یافته‌های بالینی خانواده‌ای بستری در بخش عفونی بیمارستان لقمان تهران به‌صورت روزانه از تاریخ 5 تا 12 شهریور 1397 ثبت گردید. با شک بالینی بوتولیسم نمونه‌های سرم، مدفوع، ترشحات معده و کشک مصرفی دو بیمار اول جهت آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎت ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوب‌ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ اﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﭘﺎﺳﺘﻮر اﻳﺮان ارﺳﺎل شد.یافته‌ها: بیماری بوتولیسم ناشی از مصرف کشک خانگی آلوده به نوروتوکسین کلستریدیوم بوتولینوم تیپ a تشخیص داده شد. بیماران شامل دو مرد و دو زن با میانگین سنی 52/7 سال بودند. تمام بیماران با تشخیص به‌موقع و دریافت آنتی‌توکسین و درمان‌های حمایتی بهبود یافتند.نتیجه‌گیری: در بیماران هوشیار با علایم فلجی، بیماری بوتولیسم به‌عنوان یک تشخیص افتراقی مهم مطرح می‌باشد.

Type A botulism outbreak in members of a family following consumption of homemade whey: brief report

Background: Botulism is mostly caused by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin which has been described as a bilateral symmetric descending flaccid paralysis. Preventing and responding to botulism outbreaks is a public health emergency. In this study, the disease is reported in a family.Methods: In a case series study, during an outbreak, four members of a family with symptoms including paralysis, ptosis, blurred vision, diplopia, weakness, dysphagia, dry mouth, respiratory problems, vertigo, and lethargy, referred to Loghman Hospital of Tehran. Among the patients was an elderly woman and a pregnant woman. All clinical signs and symptoms of the patients were recorded daily in a researchermade questionnaire from 27 August to 3 September 2018. At the time of admission, vital signs (pulse rate, respiration rate, and body temperature) of patients were stable and within normal limits. Following clinical suspicion of foodborne botulism in these patients, samples of the first two patients, including serum, stool, gastric secretions, and homemade whey were sent to the Botulism Laboratory of Microbiology Department of Pasteur Institute of Iran for the mouse bioassay.Results: Type A neurotoxin was detected in homemade whey after the mouse bioassay. Therefore, foodborne botulism was confirmed in patients with laboratory results. Patients included two men and two women with a mean age of 52.7 years old. The length of hospitalized days was between 2 and 6 days. Two of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients under study were fully recovered with timely diagnosis of the disease, treatment with antitoxin, and supportive care.Conclusion: When conscious patients referred to the hospital with symptoms of paralysis, foodborne botulism is an important differential diagnosis. Ontime diagnosis and antitoxin treatment can prevent serious complications.