the 40-hz white light emitting diode to alleviate psychiatric symptoms induced by streptozotocin in vivo

Introduction: a 40-hz white light emitting diode (wled) has emerged as an alternative nonpharmacological and noninvasive approach to alzheimer disease (ad). here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of 40-hz wled on psychiatric symptoms (ps) and the contribution of mitochondrial factors in the early stages of sporadic ad (sad) in rats.methods: in male wistar rats, the ad model was induced via intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of streptozotocin (stz). after recovering (7 days) from stereotaxic surgery, 40-hz wled exposure was performed for 7 consecutive days lasting 15 min/d. behavioral (elevated plus maze (epm), force swim test, and social interaction test), enzymatic, and molecular assays were conducted 24 hours after the last 40-hz wled exposure.results: behavioral tasks revealed that 40-hz wled exposure in stz-induced toxicity rats lowered anxiety and depression and increased social interaction. furthermore, the 40-hz wled therapy in stz-induced toxicity rats increased catalase (cat) activity in the amygdala, decreased the activity of monoamine oxidases a and b in the whole brain, and increased mitochondrial dna in the hippocampus.conclusion: the current study supports that 40-hz wled therapy improved ps and biomarkers in the early stages of sad. also, a potential relationship between ps and alterations in mitochondrial markers in certain brain regions seems to exist.