geographic routing scheme for resource and communication efficiency in the iot ecosystem using swarm-intelligence based bfo algorithm

Wireless sensor networks (wsns) are the sensor nodes that are generally interconnected and these nodes communicate wirelessly to collect the data from the environment around them. sensor nodes are low-powered and distributed in a decentralized adhoc manner. wsns setup comes with some limitations such as energy constraints and the cooperative demands essential to perform multi-hop geographic routing for internet of things (iot) applications. quality of service (qos) depends to a great extent on offering participating nodes an incentive for collaborating. the real-time applications of wsns have potential design limitations such as energy and other qos constraints in the context of iot. this work formulates two different re-transmission strategies for optimized cross-layer design and also integrates the framework with a swarm intelligence technique assisted bacteria foraging optimization (bfo) for efficient cluster head (ch) selection. the proposed work designs analytical modelling to realize the formulated concept and also simulates the computational design in a numerical computing tool. finally, an extensive simulation is carried out using the matlab simulation tool. the obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed system in terms of delay is reduced by 12%, throughput is increased to 10%, remaining energy of the network is increased to 11%, and packet delivery ratio of the proposed work in increased to 7-9% in comparison with the existing system.