تحلیل و توسعه نهادی مسئولیت اجتماعی سازمان‌ها: رویکردی آمیخته

هدف: پژوهش حاضر به‌دنبال توسعه و بهبود مفهوم مسئولیت اجتماعی سازمان‌ها است. برای این منظور از چارچوب تحلیل و توسعه نهادی بهره‌گیری شد تا به این سئوال پاسخ داده شود که در قالب نگرش نهادی، مسئولیت اجتماعی سازمان‌ها چگونه خواهد بود؟ و آیا می‌توان مدلی برای شکل‌گیری مسئولیت اجتماعی سازمان‌ها ارائه داد؟روش: پارادایم پژوهش، تفسیرگرایی و رویکرد آن کیفی بود. برای اجرای پژوهش، استراتژی مطالعه موردی و برای تحلیل داده‏ها از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی، دلفی فازی و دیمتل استفاده شد.یافته‌ها: مصاحبه‌های انجام‌شده با تحلیل محتوای کیفی و نرم افزار مکس‌کیودا بررسی و هفت مفهوم اصلی: هنجارها و اصول اخلاقی، مشروعیت اجتماعی، فرهنگ‌سازی، رعایت قوانین و مقررات، فشارهای نهادی، ویژگی‌های جامعه، شرایط مادی/فیزیکی جامعه، استخراج شدند. به‌منظور جمع‌بندی نظر خبرگان در مورد ارتباط بین مفاهیم اصلی استخراج شده از مصاحبه‌ها به روش دلفی فازی، نتایج به هشت نفر از اساتید دانشگاه در حوزه مدیریت و سازمان و پنج نفر از مدیران با سابقه ارسال شد. پس از سه مرتبه تحلیل و جمع‌بندی نظرات، سه متغیر اصلی و چهار متغیر به عنوان میانجی مشخص شدند.نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاکی از این است که مسئولیت اجتماعی سازمان‌ها به خودی خود و در خلاء اجتماعی اتفاق نمی‌افتد و مناسبات اجتماعی مرتبط با این حوزه مسئولیت سازمان‌ها که به‌منظور تحقق مشروعیت درونی و بیرونی سازمان می‌باشند، باید در قالب‌های هنجاری، اخلاقی و یا فرهنگی مدنظر قرار داد. البته در این میان، قوانین، فشارهای نهادی، ویژگی‌های جامعه و شرایط اقتصادی سازمان‌ها نیز تاثیرگذار می‌باشند.

Institutional Analysis and Development of Organizational Social Responsibility: A Mixed Approach

ObjectiveThis study sought to develop and improve the concept of corporate social responsibility. Accordingly, the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework (IAD) was used to answer the following question: What are the social responsibilities of organizations regarding the institutional viewpoint? Is it possible to provide a model for the social responsibility of organizations? MethodologyThe research paradigm was interpretive with a qualitative approach. This was a case study and qualitative content analysis research. Fuzzy Delphi and DEMATEL were used to analyze the gathered data. Data were collected by indepth unstructured interviews and the snowball sampling method was applied to select the interviewees. After conducting the interviews and analyzing the data, the fuzzy Delphi method was used to identify the institutional factors affecting the development and improvement of corporate social responsibility. FindingsThe interviews were analyzed via qualitative content analysis and by MAXQDA software. Accordingly, seven main concepts were extracted: norms and ethical principles, social legitimacy, culture building, observance of rules and regulations, institutional pressures, characteristics of society, material or physical conditions of society. In order to summarize the experts’ opinions about the relationship among the main concepts derived from the interviews, the results were sent to eight university professors as well as five experienced managers. After three times of analyzing and summarizing the comments, irrelevant or very insignificant concepts were removed. Eventually, three main variables and four mediating variables were identified.  ConclusionTo develop and improve the concept of corporate social responsibility with an institutional perspective, the framework of institutional analysis and development was used to identify cultural and social characteristics in society, laws, and regulations related to corporate social responsibility, and to clarify how managers adhere to these rules. Also, during the interactions of individuals, the role of unwritten norms and rules related to social responsibility and the capacity to guide or prevent laws and norms in guiding behaviors were considered. The results proved that laws and regulations have a mediating and marginal role in the formation of social responsibility of organizations, but how to implement the laws is a part of corporate social responsibility. The obtained results indicated that the social responsibility in organizations does not occur either independently in a social vacuum and to achieve the internal and external legitimacy of the organization, the social relations of organizations should be considered in normative, ethical, or cultural formats. Of course, laws, institutional pressures, societal characteristics, and economic conditions of organizations are also influential. The results of this study also showed that, unlike Western companies that seek social legitimacy in accordance with the laws, in Iranian companies, social legitimacy is affected by ethics and social norms. In addition, the current study indicated that corporate social responsibility is not a systematic behavior and it appears in critical conditions.