بررسی قوم‌نگاشتی بازاریابی‌ کارآفرینانه در گردشگری روستایی (مورد مطالعه: روستای دولاب در استان کردستان)

هدف: بازاریابی‌ کارآفرینانه، به‌معنای شناسایی و بهره‌برداری پیش‌دستانه از فرصت‌ها برای جذب و حفظ بیشتر گردشگر است که از طریق رویکردهای نوآورانه به مدیریت ریسک، استفاده اهرمی از منابع و خلق ارزش صورت می‌گیرد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مشخص کردن وضعیت قوم‌نگاشتی بازاریابی‌ کارآفرینانه در گردشگری روستای دولاب است.روش: این پژوهش، به شیوه کیفی و با استفاده از قوم‌نگاشتی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، ساکنان روستای دولاب هستند که در زمینه گردشگری روستایی، به‌عنوان کارآفرین فعالیت می‌کنند. با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند، 10 نفر از روستاییان کارآفرین انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق مشاهده، مصاحبه و یادداشت‌برداری‌ جمع‌آوری شدند. استادان، معیارهای اعتبار، انتقال، اعتماد، تایید و اصالت را بررسی و روایی و پایایی داده‌ها را تایید کردند. در نهایت، پس از اِعمال کدگذاری باز، مفاهیم استخراج‌شده با استفاده از روش ‌تحلیل شماتیک و نسخه 18 نرم‌افزار مکس کیودی‌آی مدل‌سازی شدند.یافته‌ها: پس از انجام مصاحبه با نمونه آماری و کدگذاری و مقوله‌بندی داده‌های مربوط به بازاریابی کارآفرینانه، در مجموع، 158 مفهوم، 44 مقوله و 10 مقوله محوری استخراج شد. کدگذاری گردشگری روستایی در روستای دولاب تمامی ابعاد اقتصادی، اکولوژیکی، فرهنگی، محیطی، اجتماعی، کشاورزی، خدمات و اقدامات، تجربه محوری را شامل می‌شود.نتیجه‌گیری: این پژوهش، یکی از پژوهش‌های اولیه در زمینه بازاریابی کارآفرینانه در گردشگری روستایی است که به مدلی توسعه‌یافته در خصوص بازاریابی ‌کارآفرینانه با ابعاد بسیاری همچون فرصت‌محوری، پیش‌نگری، ایجاد ارزش، اهرم کردن منابع، مشتری‌گرایی، نوآوری‌گرایی، ریسک‌پذیری، محتوامحوری، هدایت و رهبری و هدف‌محوری دست یافته است.

Ethnographic Study of Entrepreneurial Marketing in Rural Tourism (Case Study: Dolab Village in Kurdistan Province)

ObjectiveRural tourism has grown exponentially in recent decades. Meanwhile, Doolab village is one of the nationally approved villages in Kurdistan province, which is considered as an attraction according to studies conducted in terms of rural tourism and has attracted 62% of the tourists to its residences. Therefore, in order to investigate the reason behind their success, the researcher intends to examine the entrepreneurial marketing dimension model – a concept that seeks to describe marketing processes and identify opportunities in a fluctuating environment for small businesses with limited resources – among the entrepreneurs of Doolab village. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to determine the ethnographic status of entrepreneurial marketing in rural tourism in Doolab village. MethodologyThe present study is interpretive in terms of philosophical approach. Therefore, this study is a qualitative research based on ethnography. The statistical population includes all the residents of Doolab village who were active in the field of rural tourism as entrepreneurs. According to the purposeful sampling method, 10 entrepreneurial villagers were selected for this study. Moreover, validity, transfer, trust, approval and authenticity were examined by university professors for validity and reliability of the data. Observation, interview and notetaking methods were also used to collect the data. Finally, the extracted concepts were modeled based on schematic analysis technique using Max QD software version 18 through open coding method.  FindingsThe results of entrepreneurial marketing conceptualization coding showed that a total number of 286 key points were extracted from the content of the interviews, which according to their concept which were devided into 158 common initial codes (concepts). The results of categorization related to entrepreneural marketing showed that a total number of 44 categories were extracted from 158 open source interviews. Finally, the results of the coding within core categories related to entrepreneurial marketing showed that among the total number of the interviews with the samples under study within the 44 categories, 10 core categories were extracted including opportunityoriention, predictive, value creation, resource leveraging, customerorientation, innovation, risktaking, contentoriented, guidance and leadership, and goaloriented. ConclusionIn the present study, it was concluded that entrepreneurial marketing has 10 dimensions and rural tourism in Doolab village proposes economic, ecological, cultural, environmental, social, agricultural, services and measures, experienceoriented dimensions. Entrepreneurs in Doolab village, based on the tourism nature of the village as a tourist destination, have long been known for their history, religion, politics, and agriculture, and they have the best visual perspective as well. Preservation of values ​​and customs and the intact nature of the village due to the existence of new style houses in cities and gardens have led to fewer constructions. Most of the people who are involved in ecotourism in this village were familiar with the tourism industry and had built their buildings in the old texture of the village and had used original decoration and interior architecture.