بررسی آثار متقابل تبادل اطلاعات، سرمایه رابطه‌ای و عدم اطمینان محیطی بر عملکرد سرمایه‌گذاری‌های مشترک (مورد مطالعه: شرکت‌های پیمانکاری epc صنعت نفت و گاز و پتروشیمی)

هدف: این پژوهش با هدف سنجش آثار متقابل تبادل اطلاعات، سرمایه‌های رابطه‌ای (شامل اعتماد دوجانبه و تعهدهای متقابل) و عدم قطعیت محیطی، بر عملکرد سرمایه‌گذاری‌های مشترک یا ائتلاف‌های استراتژیک اجرا شده است. روش: جامعه پژوهش، شرکت‌های پیمانکاری ایرانی فعال در صنعت ساخت‌وساز و دارنده گواهی‌نامه صلاحیت طرح، تدارک و ساخت در رسته نفت، گاز و پتروشیمی در نظر گرفته شده است. داده‌های این پژوهش از طریق توزیع پرسش‌نامه‎ جمع‌آوری شده و با روش معادلات ساختاری و به‌کمک نرم‌افزار smart pls تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: بر اساس یافته‌ها، تبادل اطلاعات هم به‌طور مستقیم و هم از طریق اعتماد دوجانبه و تعهدهای متقابل، بر عملکرد مشارکت‌ها تاثیر مثبت معناداری می‌گذارد. از سوی دیگر، مشخص شد که عدم قطعیت محیطی، هیچ‌گونه نقش تعدیل‌کننده منفی یا مثبتی روی اثر تبادل اطلاعات بر اعتماد دوجانبه و تعهدهای متقابل ندارد؛ اما روی تاثیر اعتماد دوجانبه و تعهدهای متقابل بر عملکرد مشارکت اثر مثبت می‌گذارد. به‌علاوه، عدم قطعیت محیطی، روی اثر تبادل اطلاعات بر عملکرد مشارکت، تاثیر منفی دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: در مشارکت‌ها، عملکرد خوب نتیجه بهبود و تحول‎ سرمایه رابطه‌ای میان شرکای ائتلاف است. مدیران باید از این موضوع آگاه باشند که تبادل دوجانبه اطلاعات، آغازگر چرخه بهبود روابط یا به تعبیر دیگر، همان سرمایه رابطه‌ای است؛ زیرا تبادل اطلاعات به آغاز و ایجاد روابط و در نتیجه، اعتماد دوجانبه و تعهدهای متقابل کمک می‌کند. این گفته بر این موضوع دلالت دارد که شرکا در مشارکت، به تبادل اطلاعات فعال نیاز دارند و باید در این زمینه بکوشند تا بتوانند روابط را در ابتدا و در مراحل مختلف ارتقا دهند.

Investigating the Interactive Effects of Information Exchange, Relationship Capital and Environmental Uncertainty on Joint Venture Performance (The Case Study: Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industriy EPC Contractors)

Objective There have been very few studies on joint ventures in Iran. However, in Iran, as a country with an oilbased economy, huge projects are being carried out in the field of oil, gas and petrochemical industries in the form of joint cooperation. Sharing complementary resources where they are unable to develop such resources by themselves causes companies to achieve the project objectives. Studying the factors affecting the success of joint cooperation, considering the greatness of oil, gas and petrochemical industry projects, can prevent from the failure of the project and can help achieve goals within the proposed framework for time, costs, quality and requirements can have great impact on the country economy. In this study, the aim is to investigate the direct effects of information exchange on the performance of joint ventures with two capital factors (mutual trust and mutual obligations) as the intermediary factors and also environmental uncertainty as a moderating factor on joint ventures of Iranian companies.   Methodology The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the study includes all the eligible companies of the industrial design and manufacturing group in the field of oil, gas and petrochemicals. Then, according to Cochran’s calculations, a sample size of 31 companies was determined and the researcher could contact with 32 companies. The data were collected using questionnaire and were then analyzed using structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software. Findings The results showed that the exchange of information not only directly but also through mutual trust and mutual commitment has a significantly positive effect on the partnership performance. Moreover, the results showed that environmental uncertainty has no positive or negative mediating role on the effect of information exchange on mutual trust and mutual obligations. But it has a positive effect on the effect of mutual trust and mutual obligations on partnership performance. Environmental uncertainty has also a negative effect on the effect of information exchange on performance.   Conclusion In partnerships, good performance is the result of improvements and capital changes in relationships between coalition partners. Managers need to be aware that mutual exchange of information initiates a cycle of relationship improvement, in other words, relational capital; because the exchange of information helps to start and build relationships and also mutual trust and mutual obligations. It means that partners need an active exchange of information in partnership and they need to make attempts so that they can improve relationships at the beginning and at different stages. In general, environmental uncertainty has significantly positive effects on the effect of mutual trust and obligations on performance, but has no effects on the effect of information exchange on mutual trust and obligations. To achieve high performance, it is first necessary to solve the information exchange problem. Following the partnership, the exchange of information improves the relationship between companies and leads to an increase in the quality of the relationship capital (mutual trust and mutual obligations), and this leads to the development of the coalition. Promoting mutual trust and obligations allows partners to collaborate in harmony. Thus, mutual trust and mutual obligations act as a mediating variable between information exchange and partnership performance.