ناکامی سازمانی و رهبری مصلح: نظریه داده‌بنیاد

هدف: با مروری بر نظریه‌های صفات رهبری تا نظریه‌های رفتار رهبری و نظریه‌های اقتضایی در مسیر توسعه نظریه‌های رهبری در مدیریت، مشخص می‌شود که چگونه اغلب این نظریه‌ها، به رهبران و توانمندی‌های آنان در راستای اهداف سازمان، با دیدی مثبت و سازنده نگریسته‌اند. پژوهش حاضر، درصدد بررسی شکل‌گیری پدیده دیالکتیکی ناکامی/ امید و استخراج قضایایی منتج ‌شده از ظهور رهبر مصلح در سازمان است.روش: این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت، توصیفی است و در آن از راهبرد پژوهشی نظریه داده‌بنیاد با روش استراوس و کوربین استفاده شده است. به اتکای تحلیل مصاحبه‌های عمیق انجام ‌شده با 17 نفر از کارکنان سازمانی منتصب به دولت در یکی از استان‌های کشور، فرایند پدیده بررسی ‌شده کشف شد و یافته‌ها به‌صورت مجموعه‌ای از قضایا تدوین شده و در قالب مدلی از روابط علی ترسیم شدند.یافته‌ها: در مرحله کدگذاری باز، 30 مقوله و 159 مفهوم استخراج شدند. در مرحله کدگذاری محوری، بر اساس مفاهیم مقوله محوری، شرایط علی، راهبرد، بستر، شرایط مداخله‌گر و پیامدها، مدل پارادایمی ارائه شد و در مرحله کدگذاری انتخابی نیز مدل نظری برخاسته از یافته‌های پژوهش تشریح شد.نتیجه‌گیری: ویژگی‌های رهبران سازمان مثل عمل‌گرا، مصمم و قاطع، هدف‌گرا، پایبند به آرمان، سرشار از معنویت، نوع‌دوست، خودکنترل و اخلاق‌گرا، می‌توانند زمینه‌های ناکامی کارکنان از جمله تضاد و بی‌عدالتی، سرکوب‌کنندگی، رعب‌آوری، جو خفقان و عذاب‌آور را از بین ببرند. از طرف دیگر، برآورده شدن نیازهای ارضانشده کارکنان، تقویت ویژگی‌هایی مثل تقوا، دل‌سوزی، دغدغه‌مندی و ازخودگذشتگی در کارکنان، می‌توانند ادراک بهبود وضعیت سازمان را نهادینه کنند.

Organizational Failure and Corrective Leadership: Grounded Theory

Objective:It is clearly perceived by reviewing the Trait Theories of Leadership, Behavioral Theories of Leadership in addition to focusing on Contingency theories in line with developing the leadership theories of management that leaders are viewed as positive yet constructive assets of an organization with their capabilities deemed as a means of achieving organizational objectives when it comes to relying on the majority of those organizational theories. The present research aims at reviewing the composition of the dialectic phenomenon of failure/optimism and extracting theorems resulted from the emergence of a Corrective Leader within an organization.Methods: The present research is applied in terms of objective and descriptive in nature in which Grounded Theory developed by Strauss and Corbin is used as a research strategy. Having been relied on the indepth interviews conducted with 17 employees of a government organization in one of Iran’s provinces, the process associated with the phenomenon under research was discovered. Then, the findings were compiled as a set of theorems based on which a model of causal relations was designed and developed.Results: 30 categories and 159 concepts were extracted in Open Coding stage. A paradigmatic model was provided within the Axial Coding stage, based upon axial category, causal conditions, strategy, platform, intervening conditions and the consequences. The theoretical model resulting from research findings was described in Selective Coding stage.Conclusion: Leaders of an organization are required to be prepared with certain specifications among which pragmatism, decisiveness, goalorientation, idealism, spirituality, humanitarianism, selfcontrol, ethicsorientation can be mentioned. They need to use all their reasonable endeavors to fight against dispute and injustice, suppression, intimidation and suffocating atmosphere; Unsatisfied needs of their subordinates need to be addressed in a manner that better understanding of the need to develop the state of the organization becomes a part of the staff’s mindset. In addition, traits like faith, compassion, perception and sacrifice must be recognized and amplified by the leader.Methods: The present research is applied in terms of objective and descriptive in nature in which Grounded Theory developed by Strauss and Corbin is used as a research strategy. Having been relied on the indepth interviews conducted with 17 employees of a government organization in one of Iran’s provinces, the process associated with the phenomenon under research was discovered. Then, the findings were compiled as a set of theorems based on which a model of causal relations was designed and developed.Results: 30 categories and 159 concepts were extracted in Open Coding stage. A paradigmatic model was provided within the Axial Coding stage, based upon axial category, causal conditions, strategy, platform, intervening conditions and the consequences. The theoretical model resulting from research findings was described in Selective Coding stage.Conclusion: Leaders of an organization are required to be prepared with certain specifications among which pragmatism, decisiveness, goalorientation, idealism, spirituality, humanitarianism, selfcontrol, ethicsorientation can be mentioned. They need to use all their reasonable endeavors to fight against dispute and injustice, suppression, intimidation and suffocating atmosphere; Unsatisfied needs of their subordinates need to be addressed in a manner that better understanding of the need to develop the state of the organization becomes a part of the staff’s mindset. In addition, traits like faith, compassion, perception and sacrifice must be recognized and amplified by the leader.