comparison of antimicrobial resistance pattern in hospital versus community-acquired infections in pediatric patients

Background & objective: nosocomial infection is one of the most daunting challenges to the global health care system. the current study aimed to compare the antimicrobial resistance pattern in hospital versus community-acquired infections in pediatric patients in besat hospital, hamadan, iran. materials & methods: the current study was carried out on all patients with a hospital-acquired infection (hai) who were hospitalized in besat hospital, hamadan, iran, for 48 hours. moreover, patients with community-acquired infections (who had an infection before hospitalization) were also included in the current study. e-test and kirby-bauer disk diffusion test were utilized to determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns according to the report test/clsi m100/s27 guidelines. antibiotic resistance patterns in both patients with hospital and community-acquired infections were separately recorded. subsequently, the obtained data were analyzed by spss 16. results: a number of 43 and 68 patients showed hai and cai, respectively. the most common hai and cai were blood-stream infection and urinary tract infection (uti) with a prevalence of 69.8%, and 73.5%, respectively. the most frequent organisms isolated from ca and ha-infections were e. coli and staphylococcus aureus with a prevalence of 67.9%, and 30.2%, respectively. the highest level of resistance in gram-negative bacteria was observed against cotrimoxazole and ceftriaxone. furthermore, the highest resistance in gram-positive organisms was against clindamycin. the prevalence rates of mrsa isolates in hai and cai were reported as 46.2% and 36.9%, respectively. conclusion: the obtained results indicated the high resistance to several antibiotics that can be used as promising choices in the treatment of both ca and ha-infections. it is recommended that region-specific monitoring studies be carried out in order to assist the clinician to select the accurate empirical therapy.