colony stimulating factor-1 (csf-1) in lupus patients and its correlation with the value of proteinuria

Background: kidney involvement is prevalent in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and is the leading cause of disability and death. colony-stimulating factor-1 (csf-1) may be involved in the development of lupus nephritis (ln). this study aimed to evaluate serum csf-1 levels in sle patients with and without proteinuria and its correlation with the value of proteinuria.methods: a total of 75 subjects including 25 newly diagnosed sle cases without renal involvement evidence, 25 new sle with biopsy-proven ln, and also, 25 healthy controls were included in the study. serum csf-1 level was measured in all participants using a human csf-1 elisa kit.results: analysis of variance (anova) and post hoc analysis demonstrated significant differences between the three groups including healthy individuals, and sle subjects with and without nephritis (p=0.006). the mean values of csf-1 levels were increased among both participants without ln and patients with ln, compared to healthy individuals. however, a statistically significant greater mean concentration of csf-1 was detected in individuals with ln compared to the healthy group (p=0.004). no significant statistical correlation was found between csf-1 and 24-hour urine protein. furthermore, when comparing the activity of sle, a notable distinction was observed in the sle disease activity index (sledai) values between individuals with and without proteinuria (p<0.0001).conclusion: an upward trend in average csf-1 levels was observed among both patients with and without ln, in comparison to healthy individuals. significantly enhanced concentrations of csf-1 were found in subjects with ln compared to healthy individuals.