comparison of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/hyaluronic acid based scaffolds for chondrogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells by avocado/soybean unsaponifiables

Background: corporation of hyaluronic acid (ha) with plga is an effective way to potentially enhance chondrogenesis. the aim of this study was to use ha macroporous biodegradable poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) [plga] scaffold to enhance the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes for cartilage tissue engineering and articular cartilage regeneration of human adipose derived stem cells (hadscs) in the presence of avocado/soybean unsaponifible (asu). methods: the plga and plga/ha scaffolds were prepared and hadscs were cultured separately on the scaffolds and 14 days after differentiation, chondrogenic genes in each scaffold evaluated using real time pcr and cell viability examined by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (mtt) assay. results: the viability and proliferation of cells in-group of plga significantly decreased in comparison with the control (p=0.002) and plga/ha (p=0.013) groups. the expression of (sox9), aggrecan (agg), and collagen type ii (col ii) genes was significantly higher in the plga and plga/ha groups compared to the control group (p≥0.05). the gene expression of sox9 (p=0.003) and agg (p=0.009) was significantly higher in the plga/ha groups compared to the plga group. the results of real time pcr showed that collagen type x (col x) gene expression in the plga group, was significantly higher than the control and plga/ha groups (p=0.000). conclusion: the corporation of ha with plga is an effective way to potentially enhance chondrogenesis and articular cartilage regeneration of hadscs in the presence of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (asu).