frozen shoulder: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

Frozen shoulder (fs) or adhesive capsulitis is a common disease which causes pain, difficulty and restriction in the movement of the shoulder joint due to unclear complex etiology. the everyday tasks such as bathing, dressing and driving become difficult. it affects both men and women especially in their 40s and 60s. the duration of the disease varies from one patient to another and it may last for up to three years. the symptoms of the disease vary from simple to sever and complex depending on the stage of the disease and the symptoms may vary from patient to patient. currently, there is no consensus on what the best approach or guidelines can be as the best solution for fs. our review will discuss the pathogenesis of the disease, early diagnosis, treatment methods and the rehabilitation of the patients during the period of the disease.