investigating the frequency of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to plasmid-mediated ciprofloxacin in clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae in ardabil

Background: a total of 186 klebsiellapneumoniae isolates collected from clinical samples were included in this study to investigate plasmid-mediated resistance to ciprofloxacin. objectives: additionally, the frequency of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) genes, including qnra, qnrb, qnrc, qnrd, qnrs, oqxa, and oqxb, was examined. methods: the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of ciprofloxacin was determined using the agar dilution method. the presence of pmqr genes was identified using a pcr assay. results: among the 186 k. pneumoniae clinical isolates, 51.61% (n = 96) were resistant, 11.29% (n = 21) exhibited intermediate resistance, and 37.09% (n = 69) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. the prevalence of qnra, qnrb, qnrc, qnrd, qnrs, oqxa, and oqxb genes in k.pneumoniae clinical isolates was 33.33% (n = 39), 78.63% (n = 92), 0% (n = 0), 0% (n = 0), 82.05% (n = 96), 76.06% (n = 89), and 75.21% (n = 88), respectively. conclusions: this study found a significant association between ciprofloxacin resistance in k.pneumoniae and the presence of qnra, qnrb, qnrs, oqxa, and oqxb genes.