antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial and fungal isolates in covid-19

background: the pattern of bacterial infection in coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) patients di er worldwide.objectives: this study aimed to determine the patterns of bacterial infections and the antibiotic resistance profile by vitek 2 (biomérieux, france) in the culture of blood samples from hospitalized patients with covid-19.methods: this retrospective descriptive cross-sectional was conducted on a total of 25 patients with critical covid-19 admitted to imam reza hospital in mashhad, iran, during the first three covid-19 peaks (2019 - 2020).results: among gram-positive bacteria, two strains isolated from staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant s. aureus at a concentration of > 2 µg/ml. enterococcus was vancomycin-resistant enterococcus at a concentration of higher than 4 µg/ml (the minimum inhibitory concentration [mic] ≥ 32). among gram-negative bacteria, three strains of acinetobacter baumannii complex were extensively drug-resistant.conclusions: there is evidence of the remarkable increase of various antibiotics’ mic during the covid-19 pandemic, which high-lights the impact of the use of steroids on the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance during the covid-19 pandemic.