بررسی اثربخشی واقعیت درمانی بر تکرار جرم در دوران بعد از حبس

زمینه و هدف: تکرار جرم یکی از مقوله های مهم در اشاعه جرم در جامعه می باشد و استفاده از رویکردهای روان درمانی در این مورد، حائز اهمیت است و از رویکردهای مهم روان درمانی، رویکرد واقعیت درمانی می باشد. از این جهت هدف این مطالعه اثربخشی رویکرد واقعیت درمانی بر ارتکاب جرم در دوران بعد از حبس بود.روش کار: روش مطالعه نیمه آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری شامل افراد دارای سابقه تکرار جرم که از حبس در طول بازه زمانی سال 1401-1400 از زندان شهرستان خمین آزاد شدند بود. نمونه پژوهش حاضر شامل 30 نفر (برای هر گروه 15 نفر؛ یعنی 15 نفر در گروه آزمایشی و 15 نفر در گروه کنترل) بود که از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس استفاده شد. از پرسشنامه عوامل محیطی موثر بر ارتکاب جرم و جلسات واقعیت درمانی در 8 جلسه 60 دقیقه‌ای و هفته‌ای یک جلسه به مدت دو ماه برای گرد‌آوری داده ها استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده های از آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس تک متغیره استفاده گردید. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد آموزش رویکرد درمانی واقعیت درمانی بر تکرار جرم در دوران بعد از حبس در سطح خطای 0.05 تاثیر معناداری دارد. همچنین اندازه اثر برای متغیر ارتکاب به جرم برابر 0.205 است. نتیجه‌گیری: به طور کلی می توان اذعان داشت که با استفاده از شیوه‌ درمان واقعیت درمانی، می‌توان بر تکرار جرم در دوران بعد از حبس تاثیر گذاشت و مجرمان از برگشت به جرم پیشگیری کنند.

investigating the effectiveness of reality therapy on recidivism in the post-imprisonment period

background & aims: criminal policy is not based on the teachings of criminology, psychology, sociology, economics, politics, ethics, anthropology, and especially religion, and judges and enforcers of criminal sentences have not received proper training, etc. so that the recidivism rate in society increases and the security, comfort, and peace factor of the society decreases and the public interests are jeopardized and a large number of the prison population is made up of repeat offenders and many cases are opened about them in the judicial authorities. these factors increase the cost of the government in terms of prison construction, hiring prison staff, various prison costs, hiring judges and judicial staff and bailiffs, etc. it is obvious that the increase in expenses in the above cases will definitely result in the reduction of the budget in the fields of education, health, services public welfare, etc. due to the importance of recidivism and a way to reduce it among criminals, many methods are used to treat and control it from a psychological point of view, which can be referred to as the reality therapy approach. reality therapy is a strategic approach to behavior change; therefore, to explain it, we must first describe the selection theory. in psychology, different approaches such as behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, psychoanalysis, etc. are active in the field of behavior change. behavioral therapy changes behavior through the principles of learning, and cognitive therapy changes individual behavior and improves mental health from negative to positive using principles derived from science and cognitive theory. reality therapy, like other psychological approaches, is an approach to change the behavior of people in the first place, and then, in the process of self-development, to help change the behavior of clients. therapeutic reality is a collection of techniques, methods, and tools to help people, in order to move from ineffective behaviors to effective behaviors, from destructive choices to constructive ones, and most importantly from an unhappy lifestyle to a happy lifestyle; also, other psychological approaches use their own special methods to change the behavior of clients. recidivism is one of the important categories in the spread of crime in society, and the use of psychotherapy approaches in this case is important, one of the important psychotherapy approaches is the reality therapy approach. for this reason, the aim of this study was the effectiveness of the reality therapy approach on committing crimes in the post-imprisonment period.methods: the study method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. the statistical population included people with a history of repeat crimes who were released from prison during the period of 1400-1401 from khomein county prison. the sample of the present study consisted of 30 people (15 people for each group; that is, 15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group), and an available sampling method was used. the questionnaire on environmental factors affecting the commission of crime and reality therapy sessions in 8 sessions of 60 minutes and one session per week for two months was used to collect data.