تاثیر فعالیت ورزشی بر سطوح هورمون اکسی توسین سرمی و افسردگی در دوره بارداری و پس از زایمان در موش های ماده

زمینه و هدف: مادران در دوره بارداری دچار تغییرات هورمونی و اختلال در خلق و خوی می‌شوند. از طرفی در درمان افسردگی در دوره‌ی بارداری و بعد زایمان برای مادران محدودیت دارویی وجود دارد. هدف از این پژوهش تاثیر فعالیت ورزشی بر سطوح هورمون اکسی توسین سرمی  و افسردگی در دوره بارداری و پس از زایمان در موش‌های ماده بود.روش کار: 40 موش ماده سالم نژاد nmri با سن تقریبی 80-90 روز و وزن 22-25 گرم به چهار گروه جهت سنجش افسردگی و هورمون اکسی توسین در دوره بارداری و پس از زایمان تقسیم شدند. فعالیت ورزشی گروه فعال به صورت اختیاری بود. مدت زمان ملاقات موش‌ها با هم دیگر به عنوان شاخص تست افسردگی بود. جهت بررسی نرمال بودن توزیع داده ها از آزمون شاپیرو-ویلک، استفاده شد. کلیه آزمون های آماری در سطح معنی داری 0.05 > p و توسط نرم افزار spss نسخه 22 انجام شد.یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد میانگین تغییرات اکسی توسین در دوران بارداری و  پس از زایمان بین گروه‌های فعال و غیرفعال تغییر معنی‌داری دارد. نتیجه تست افسردگی نشان داد که مدت زمان ملاقات موش‌ها بین گروه فعال و غیرفعال در دوره بارداری تغییر معنی‌داری ندارد اما در دوره پس از زایمان در گروه فعال، تغییر معنی دار مشاهده شد.نتیجه‌گیری: فعالیت بدنی علائم افسردگی در دوران بارداری را کاهش می‌دهد و می‌تواند نوعی درمان پیشگیرانه باشد. فعالیت بدنی می‌تواند موجب تحریک ترشح اکسی توسین شود که علایم مربوط به افسردگی در دوران پس از زایمان را نیز کاهش می‌دهد.

the effect of physical activity on serum oxytocin levels and depression during pregnancy and postpartum in female mice

background & aims: mothers experience hormonal changes and mood disorders during pregnancy. oxytocin plays a central role in the nervous system in both directions of the mother-infant relationship. in the mother's body, this hormone is normally present in the hormonal cycle and is released from the posterior pituitary gland, and also plays an important role during vaginal stimulation and delivery by acting on receptors (3). the onset of depressive symptoms in the first two weeks after delivery is directly related to a decrease in plasma oxytocin levels during pregnancy, which impairs the emotional adjustment of mother and baby (42). since physical activity leads to stress in the body and improves blood circulation in the heart and blood vessels, which stimulates the posterior pituitary gland to secrete oxytocin; exercise can increase oxytocin levels in pregnant women (5). there are drug restrictions for mothers in the treatment of depression during pregnancy and postpartum. postpartum depression is a condition characterized by persistent experiences of sadness or decreased ability to experience pleasure, irritability, low self-esteem, and overt anxiety (2). depression in pregnant women is a threat not only to the health of the mother, but also to the health of the baby. depressive disorders may affect the baby from the embryonic stage, and may also affect the delivery process and the mother-baby relationship in later years. it is important to note that even regular walks that are low-intensity exercise during pregnancy can significantly reduce depressive symptoms in pregnant women (17). physical activity can also have a positive effect on depressive disorders. after exercise, endorphin levels rise, which is responsible for a more positive and happy mind. while depression reduces the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine or dopamine, their concentration increases with physical activity (8). there is a sudden increase in body size and weight during pregnancy, while physical activity prevents overweight or obesity (11). therefore, today, exercise for women during pregnancy and after is emphasized by experts (6). according to the american congress of midwifery, pregnant women can exercise for 30 minutes or more a day with moderate intensity during pregnancy, but not every day of the week, if there is no ban. high-intensity exercise is not recommended during pregnancy due to insufficient studies on the level of intensity (1). however, it should be borne in mind that for the safety of pregnant women and children, all activities should be performed in consultation with a gynecologist. if the type of physical activity is carefully selected and whether it is done under supervision or without supervision (optional exercise), statistically significant results will be achieved in reducing depressive symptoms. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on serum oxytocin levels and depression during pregnancy and postpartum in female mice.methods: this study is an experimental study that was performed in the laboratory on mice and is applied in terms of purpose. sixty healthy female nmri mice with an approximate age of 80-90 days and weighing 22-25 g were prepared from pasteur institute of iran and kept in light conditions for 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness at a temperature of 23 ± 1 °c. adequate food was provided to them. nmri mice, after two weeks of adaptation, were given one male for each female to mate, and they were placed in a cage several times to obtain the required number of pregnant mice. then, the next morning, the vaginal plaque was checked as a pregnancy indicator. thus, 40 female mice became pregnant and these mice, in which vaginal plaque was seen, were considered as the first day of pregnancy and the animals were transferred to separate cages. inside the cage of each pregnant animal were two rotating wheels for exercise.