پیش بینی نگرش تست به اعتیاد دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد مبتنی بر طرح‌واره‌های خودآگاهی هیجانی و سبک دلبستگی ایمن

زمینه و هدف: دوره دانشجویی دوره‏ای حساس و پر خطر است و احتمال‏ دارد دانشجویان به سوی مصرف مواد مخدر و اعتیاد کشیده شوند، اصلاح نگرش دانشجویان نسبت به مواد مخدر می‏تواند در پیشگیری از اعتیاد در دانشگاه و جامعه کار آمد باشد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف پیش بینی نگرش به اعتیاد دانشجویان بر اساس سبک های دلبستگی و طرحواره های هیجانی انجام شد. روش کار: پژوهش حاضر یک تحقیق همبستگی از نوع پیش بینی می باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش حاضر را کلیه دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی در سال تحصیلی 1401-1402 تشکیل دادند. که تعداد 250 نفر با روش            نمونه گیری در دسترس  به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسشنامه نگرش سنج مواد مخدر، پرسشنامه سبک دلبستگی بزرگسال و مقیاس طرحواره های هیجانی استفاده گردید. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون گام به گام استفاده گردید. یافته ها: نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که بین سبک دلبستگی ایمن با نگرش نست به اعتیاد رابطه معنی دار منفی و بین سبک دلبستگی دوسوگرا و اجتنابی با نگرش نست به اعتیاد رابطه معنی دار مثبت بدست آمد. در طرحواره های هیجانی بین طرحواره های نشخوار ذهنی؛ سرزنش ودیدگاه ساده انگارانه با نگرش مثبت نست به اعتیاد رابطه مثبت معنی دار و بین طرحواره های خودآگاهی هیجانی؛ گناه؛ غیرقابل کنترل بودن؛ قابل درک بودن؛ تلاش برای منطقی بودن؛ سرزنش؛ تلاش برای منطقی بودن؛ ارزش های والاتر؛ پذیرش هیجان ها و توافق با نگرش نسبت به اعتیاد رابطه معنی داری منفی بدست آمد. همچنین، نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه نیز نشان داد که ارزش های والاتر، نشخوار ذهنی، دلبستگی اجتنابی نزدیک به 20درصد از تغییرات نگرش مثبت نست به اعتیاد را به طور معناداری در دانشجویان تبیین نمایند.نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج پژوهش بدست آمده می توان گفت سبک های دلبستگی و طرحواره های هیجانی نقش مهمی در پیشگیری از گرایش دانشجویان به سوء مصرف موادمخدر دارد.

prediction of addiction test attitude of islamic azad university students based on schemas of emotional self-awareness and secure attachment style

background & aims: a person's attitude towards drugs is a type of thinking that may be logical or irrational. this type of attitude is often spontaneous, unconscious and permanent and cannot be easily changed. one of the methods that helps an addict to get to know himself is to examine the type of attitude and create a negative attitude towards addiction. ellis believes that the thinking and attitude of addicted people leads them to use again or stops them from using forever. researchers have identified various reasons, including pressure from friends and peers, rebellion against parents, escape from life's adversities, emotional turmoil, alienation or rejection by others, life history, attachment styles and personality traits. addiction is considered effective. as mentioned, one of the important factors that can have a significant effect on a person's attitude towards addiction is the person's attachment style. many believe that addiction is a coping mechanism and attachment style can play an important role in the development of addiction, such as addiction to smoking, drugs, alcohol, and the internet. attachment theory was created by john bowlby and developed by mary ainsworth). young people who tend to smoke have more conflicts in their families and are therefore influenced by external things, such as cigarettes, to overcome their psychological needs. nakhol and his colleagues evaluated the relationship between attachment styles (secure, disturbed, anxious and avoidant) and addiction (cigarettes, hookah, alcohol and internet) among this population. the results showed that secure attachment style was significantly associated with less addiction to alcohol, smoking and hookah, while insecure attachment styles (disturbed, anxious and avoidant) were significantly associated with more addiction to smoking, hookah, alcohol and they were connected on the internet. in general, despite the fact that the student period is a sensitive and risky period and there is a possibility that students will be drawn towards drug use and addiction, modifying students' attitudes towards drugs can help prevent addiction in the university and society. may it be useful. in this regard, the current research intends to investigate the role of attachment styles and emotional schemas in predicting the general attitude towards addiction among students; therefore, the researcher is looking for an answer to this question: do attachment styles and emotional schemas predict the general attitude towards addiction in students?methods: the current research is descriptive (correlation) and survey in terms of its purpose and applied. the statistical population of this research includes all students of islamic azad university, tehran central branch in the academic year 2019-2019. available (online method due to the spread of corona disease through virtual networks by distributing the link of the online questionnaire-press online) participated in the research. the attempt was to select the sample in such a way that all students such as natives and non-natives , girls, boys and different faculties should be present in the research.reults: after higher values and mental rumination, avoidant attachment has the largest contribution in predicting attitude towards addiction. the correlation coefficient of these three variables with the attitude towards addiction is 0.437, and these three variables have been able to predict nearly 20% of the changes in the attitude towards addiction, which is significant. the weight of avoidant attachment (b=0.246) (t=3.684) shows that this variable with 99% confidence can, along with variables of higher values and mental rumination, attitude in relation to addiction, in this research sample, explain that if the study sample is generalized to the main population, the weight of avoidant attachment will be 0.246 (beta), finally, the higher the score of avoidant attachment, the more positive attitude towards addiction. it will be more. table 3 shows that about 20% of the total variance of attitude towards addiction is explained by higher values and mental rumination, avoidant attachment. other variables did not have a significant role in predicting positive attitude towards addiction.conclusion: the present research was conducted with the aim of predicting students' attitudes towards addiction based on attachment styles and emotional schemas. the results of the regression analysis showed that higher values, mental rumination and avoidant attachment in three steps are able to explain about 20% of the changes in attitudes towards addiction in a meaningful way in students. the results of testing this hypothesis with the findings of hori and his colleagues. in explaining this finding, it should be said that the presence of emotional schemas by disrupting people's cognitive function greatly increases the possibility of their tendency to use drugs. in explaining the results, it can be said that emotional schemas interact with negative events and psychological pressures of life. negative emotional schemas are ineffective mechanisms that directly or indirectly lead to psychological distress. these schemas cause bias in people's interpretations of events, and these biases manifest themselves in interpersonal psychopathology in the form of misunderstandings, distorted attitudes, false assumptions, unrealistic goals and expectations. when emotional schemas are activated, it negatively causes bias in information. on the other hand, the temptation of materials goes through a process and each of the parts of this process can have a different contribution in speeding up this process, which according to the contribution of each one can prevent the temptation. this cycle starts with an arousing stimulus, and this stimulus, by affecting each part of the process, causes the person to be tempted. inconsistent emotional schemas such as mental rumination increase temptation in people suffering from substance abuse. maladaptive emotional schemas, such as being uncontrollable, which mainly refer to the suppression, avoidance and non-acceptance of emotions, prevent emotional processing and lead the person to use ineffective strategies, causing the continuation and intensification of unpleasant emotions.