بررسی عوامل موثر بر آسیب شناسی روحی و روانی کودکان کار در استان مازندران

زمینه و هدف: مسائل و آسیب های اجتماعی ناشی از تحول های سریع جوامع انسانی از موضوع های مهمی هستند که همواره ذهن جامعه شناسان و اندیشمندان را به خود مشغول داشته اند. بنابراین هدف این پژوهش بررسی عوامل موثر بر آسیب شناسی روحی و روانی کودکان کار در استان مازندران بود. روش کار: این پژوهش با استفاده از روش پیمایش و با ابزار پرسشنامه صورت گرفته است. این پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و از شاخه توصیفی- همبستگی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه کودکان کار شهر ساری بود و نمونه آماری بر اساس فرمول کوکران، 200 نفر انتخاب شد. در این پژوهش از روش نمونه‏گیری خوشه ای چند مرحله ای و نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده استفاده شده است. برای تحلیل داده های پژوهش، از آزمون های ضریب همبستگی با نرم افزار spss24 و تحلیل عامل تاییدی مرحله دوم با نرم افزار amos25 استفاده شد.یافته ها: در این پژوهش رابطه متغیرهای خشونت کلامی و فیزیکی و احساس مسئولیت والدین، احساس امنیت عینی و ذهنی و گسیختگی خانواده و آسیب کودکان کار سنجیده شد که رابطه همه متغیرها مورد تایید قرار گرفت. نتیجه گیری: به طور کلی بر اساس نتایج پژوهش می توان بیان نمود که خانواده و تحکیم روابط بین افراد  خانواده امری مهم در پیشگیری از وقوع پدیده کودکان کار در سطح جامعه است و لازم والدین قبل از ازدواج و فرزندآوری، به مسائل مهم تربیت کودک توجه کنند تا پدیده کودکان کار در سطح جامعه کاهش یابد.

investigating factors affecting the mental and psychological pathology of child labour in mazandaran province

background & aims: social issues and harms caused by the rapid transformations of human societies are important issues that have always occupied the minds of sociologists and thinkers. accelerated social changes such as rapid population growth, the rapid growth of industrialization and urbanization, rapid migration of masses and migration to big cities and marginalization of megacities, increase in social inequalities and the class gap in megacities, transformation in the construction and functioning of the family, the collapse of traditional patterns and norms of behavior and the increase of social tensions have caused unfortunate social consequences in the urban life of societies. children and teenagers are one of the most vulnerable groups in today's society. working children are all people who are under 18 years of age and are directly or indirectly involved in earning money. in general, the importance working and street children in the city due to the lack of social abilities and skills to correctly and dynamically face the social environment and their dependence on adults in meeting their needs and going through the stages of their growth and development is more than other groups. institutions such as family, education and religious institutions, government, and mass media under social changes cannot fulfill their obligations towards socialization and normalization of children and adolescents. functioning as a city, the consequence of such inabilities is to abandon and even send children and teenagers to the unsafe and anxious environment of the streets of big cities. the entry of children into the road is mostly due to the unfavorable conditions of children in disorganized and broken families, child abuse in the family, and running away from home. in some cases, street children are considered to be the result of poverty and the inability of children's families to meet their living expenses, and street children are part of working children. sometimes, a set of family factors such as divorce, lack of guardianship and mistreatment of children in the family, and economic problems are known to be effective in the emergence of street children. the phenomenon of street children, which is referred to as an urban tragedy, is a common social problem in the metropolises of contemporary societies, both in industrialized and developing countries, with the difference that the incidence of this phenomenon, the grounds, and factors of its spread and the way to deal with it is different in different societies according to their economic, social and cultural characteristics. the work of children on the street is a serious problem in the capitals and many big cities of the world, especially in developing countries, but it is difficult to accurately estimate the number of street children and the difference in how to define and classify the children who live on the street. child labor is a global problem and has a broad research background. although according to the statistics of the international labor