اثر بخشی و مقایسه دو نوع مداخله حرکتی گروهی و ذهن آگاهی بر تعادل، وضعیت عاطفی و عملکرد شناختی سالمندان

زمینه و هدف: ورزش می تواند به معنای تفاوت بین زندگی و مرگ زودرس باشد؛ بین زندگی در خانه یا خانه سالمندان؛ بین لذت بردن از زندگی یا صرفاً آن را تحمل کردن باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر مقایسه و تعیین اثربخشی دو  نوع مداخله حرکتی گروهی و ذهن آگاهی بر تعادل، وضعیت عاطفی و شناختی سالمندان بود. روش کار: پژوهش حاضر نیمه تجربی با طرح پیش آزمون پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش را تمامی سالمندان شهر تهران تشکیل دادند. نمونه آماری شامل 60 سالمند داوطلب واجد شرایط با دامنه سنی 75-60 سال، که به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند در گروه حرکتی(20 نفر)، گروه ذهن آگاهی (20 نفر)، و گروه کنترل (20 نفر)، وارد پژوهش شدند. از پرسش نامه آزمون کوتاه وضعیت ذهنی(1975) و پرسش نامه اضطراب و افسردگی بک در سالمندان ایرانی(2014) و آزمون های تعادل قبل و بعد از اعمال مداخلات استفاده شد. به منظور تحلیل داده ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بنفرونی در نرم‌افزار spss  انجام پذیرفت. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که وضعیت عاطفی و شناختی و تعادل در گروه های مداخله حرکتی گروهی و مداخله ذهن آگاهی  افزایش معناداری داشتند(0.05>p). همچنین، بین گروه های مداخله حرکتی گروهی و مداخله ذهن آگاهی و کنترل در وضعیت عاطفی، شناختی و تعادل تفاوت معنی داری وجود داشت (0.05>p). نتیجه گیری: تمرینات حرکتی گروهی در مقایسه با تمرین ذهن آگاهی بر بهبود وضعیت تعادل، وضعیت عاطفی و عملکرد شناختی افراد سالمند اثربخش‌تر است.

effectiveness and comparison of two types of group movement intervention and mindfulness on balance, emotional state and cognitive performance of the elderly

background & aims: aging is a result of physiological changes, such as a higher level of stress, functional impairment, decreased hormone production, and decreased metabolic rate, which can lead to catabolism and degeneration of organs (1). these processes lead to progressive loss of nerve extensions, bone mass, skeletal muscle mass, and strength. these are phenomena that disrupt the ability to perform daily life activities, reduce the quality of life and increase the risk of falling (2). decreased ability to maintain balance may be associated with an increased risk of falling. in the elderly, falls usually lead to injury, loss of independence, associated illness, and premature death (22). mobility, being strong and steadfast can help the elderly to remain independent, increase self-confidence and well-being with age (23). cognition, the ability to think clearly, learn, and remember, often changes with age. although some people develop cognitive impairment or other types of cognitive decline, many older people experience fewer changes in memory and thinking (12,13). the fifth edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders of the american psychiatric association determined that cognitive function can be divided into six key areas (13). these areas include executive function, attention, learning and memory, language, motor-perceptual function and social cognition. the areas that are especially shocking for this research are memory, executive function, complex attention and social cognition, memory is the ability to encode, store and retrieve information (14). anxiety, depression and cognitive decline are common problems in the elderly population. which contribute to significant mental complications and illness (19). group movement and mindfulness exercises are specifically designed to strengthen the body and improve neural flexibility and multitasking ability. group exercise and mindfulness include lots of fun cardio, strength and balance movements that increase heart rate, and can improve flexibility and reduce the risk of some diseases in the elderly (23).methods: the present research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design, with two experimental groups and one control group and a one-month follow-up test. the statistical population of the research was made up of all the elderly in district 5 of tehran. the participants were selected by the federation of public sports in tehran. it was done by purposeful sampling. 60 people with an average age of 60-75 years, in the movement group (20 people), the mindfulness group (20 people), and control group (20 people) were included in the research. fullerton-rose & loches (2006) advanced balance clinical instrument: this scale is a performance-based measure that broadly refers to various dimensions of balance. the brief cognitive status test was used to screen and evaluate the cognitive status of the elderly. this test was created by folstein (1997) (7). the short form of the depression scale of the elderly was used to screen and examine the depression status of the elderly. this questionnaire, was created by sheikh and yasavij (1986), consists of 15 questions.