مطالعه تطبیقی برنامه‌های اشتغال زنان و مردان در برنامه‌های توسعه‌ای ایران

زمینه و هدف: مهم ترین عامل سرعت رشد و توسعه اقتصادی جامعه منابع انسانی آن جامعه است و هر جامعه نیز متشکل از زنان و مردان فعال است لذا هدف این مقاله بررسی سیاست های جنسیتی حاکم بر برنامه های توسعه اشتغال ایران در پیش و پس از انقلاب است. روش کار: مقاله فوق مطالعه اسنادی و کتابخانه ای می باشد. روش تحقیق بکار رفته از نوع تحلیل ثانویه و اکثرا با بهره گیری از داده های کتابخانه ای و بهره برداری از سایت ها و سرشماری های عمومی نفوس و مسکن و اطلاعات ثبتی انجام شد. با توجه به نوع داده ها مطالعه در سطح توصیفی و تحلیلی می باشد. یافته ها: نتایج بدست آمده از وضعیت اشتغال زنان نشان می دهد که در طول سال های مختلف در پیش از انقلاب و حتی پس از انقلاب تغییرات اشتغال زنان روند صعودی یا نزولی منظمی را تجربه نکرده است. در مقایسه اشتغال زنان و مردان نیز نشان دهنده برتری همیشگی مردان در بازار کار در طول بررسی آماری از سال (1400-1335) بوده است. همچنین روند بی ثبات توسعه در اشتغال زنان و مردان، به ویژه زنان نشان دهنده آن است که با کوچکترین تغییرات در شرایط اقتصادی، بخش عمده ای از نیروی کار زن از بازار خارج شده و این مسئله نه تنها از نظر اقتصادی، بلکه از نظر اجتماعی نیز پیامدهای نامطلوبی را برای جامعه در بر دارد. در برنامه های توسعه پیش از انقلاب اسلامی، دیدگاه دولتمردان از توسعه، صرفاً اقتصادی بود. نتیجه گیری: نتایج بدست آمده از وضعیت اشتغال زنان نشان می دهد که در طول سال های مختلف در پیش از انقلاب و حتی پس از انقلاب تغییرات اشتغال زنان روند صعودی یا نزولی منظمی را تجربه نکرده است.

a comparative study of women's and men's employment programs in iran's development programs

background & aims: it was associated with the policy maker's attitude based on the belief of greater participation of women in the social, economic and cultural scenes, therefore, compared to the previous two programs, attention to the situation of women was planned in a clearer way. one of the basic points in the third development plan was to align it with the establishment of an institution as women's participation affairs center. in the important parts of the program, such as education and employment policies, no interesting needs are observed between the two sexes. the fourth program is interesting both in terms of the amount of materials of the program that are dedicated to women and also in terms of a different approach regarding the topic of gender. in the fourth development plan, it is emphasized to eliminate violence against women. the most important concern in the fourth development plan is the issue of women's employment and the improvement of the economic status of women in the society, and if we are talking about reforming public attitudes towards women, this reform of attitudes is related to holding economic positions and employment opportunities. in the third program, special educational and cultural-sports needs are emphasized by using islamic principles and foundations. in the fifth development plan, which is considered to be the most important article of this plan about women and family. in the 6th development plan, it is very important to improve the status of women and a suitable position for women and family was considered in this program. creating suitable job opportunities to attract unemployed graduates, which has increased as a result of the increase in the number of girls entering universities, paying attention to female heads of the household, self-headed and abusive women, reducing divorce, increasing the facilitation of marriage, the possibility of facilitating the entry of women into higher academic degrees such as ph.d. specialization and serious attention to improving the quality of women's health is one of the issues that should be given serious attention in the future. as a result, it is in accordance with the theories of gender justice, which is often equated with the concept of gender equality. but in reality, they are two separate concepts. gender equality refers to equal life opportunities for women and men, which includes the ability to participate in the public sphere. gender equality focuses on fair participation in education, the labor market, health services and politics. legal reform is one of the key and important tools in the fight for equality. gender equality does not necessarily ensure equality of outcomes; because it assumes that when barriers to participation are removed, there will be a level playing field for both sexes, and it does not consider that men and women may have different realities and experiences. therefore, the concept of gender justice is raised. gender justice refers to justice in life outcomes for women and men. as a result, it thinks beyond equal opportunities, reminds the need to change attitudes, emphasizes the different interests, preferences and needs of men and women, and emphasizes the need to redistribute power and resources. this paper examines the gender policies governing iran's employment development programs before and after the revolution. which is using qualitative content analysis. the purpose of this study shows that there are several elements and propositions of gender discourses in the set of employee development programs of iran before and after the revolution.methods: the above paper is a documentary and library study. the research method used is of the secondary analysis type and is mostly done by using library data and using sites and the general population and housing censuses and registration information. the data used are second-hand data and partly third-hand data.