ai and blockchain integration for iot security: a review

The swift development of the internet of things (iot) has linked innumerable devices and produced vast amounts of data, facilitating smart applications in various areas. however, this interconnectivity makes iot systems vulnerable to attacks such as data modification, denial of service, spoofing, and unauthorized access. traditional security measures fail due to the dynamic, decentralized, and resource-limited iot environments. artificial intelligence (ai) and blockchain technologies respond to these challenges and appear more promising. advanced ai techniques like machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning support smart intrusion prevention, anomaly detection, and behavior monitoring. blockchain, with its decentralized, tamper-proof architecture, ensures integrity, authentication, and trust, enhancing iot security. this paper illustrates the role of ai and blockchain in improving iot system security. it examines iot ecosystems, major vulnerabilities, individual contributions of ai and blockchain, and hybrid frameworks. use cases in healthcare, transportation, energy, and industrial iot are reviewed along with technical and ethical concerns, particularly scalability, privacy, and data protection. in conclusion, the paper emphasizes the need for further research into developing explainable, lightweight, and scalable ai-blockchain solutions to secure intelligent next-generation cyber-physical systems.