nature and foundations of peace in the sirah of the prophet muhammad (peace be upon him)

Moral and ethical standards constitute very important aspects of islam and hold great significance. accordingly, in the holy qur’an one of the aims of the mission of the prophet is to bring about upbringing and impart wisdom. the prophet muhammad (peace be upon him) as the ruler of islam consistently paid special attention to ethics and adherence to moral principles in various situations. one notable instance occurs when he was on the battlefield, and he sought to uphold ethical principles. abstaining from war and anger and realizing peaceful conduct in dealing with opponents are among the core teachings of islam. the prophet (peace be upon him) emphasized fraternity over enmity, convergence, and unity, and stood against warmongers and hypocrites. the prophet of god stressed avoidance of tyranny and oppression, loyalty to covenants and agreements, and adherence to divine rights and laws. despite the breadth of islamic sources on the prophet’s biography (sīrah), most studies have focused on historical, juridical, or military aspects, and less on the concept of peace as a civilizational, ethical, and strategic principle. in the prophet’s foreign policy, peace and peaceful coexistence are considered the fundamental principle in international relations. in order to realize and expand peace among nations and prevent hostile relations and bloody conflicts, he not only attached high legal value to international treaties and agreements but also invited other nations and groups to take the lead in signing peace accords. given the nature of the research topic and by consulting reputable sources and the methodological article, this study is descriptive-library based and, according to its objective, applied, and according to the data collection and reporting method, analytical-descriptive. the statistical population of this study comprises the body of the viewpoints of various scholars on the nature and factors of peace in the sīrah and sunnah of the prophet of allah, along with a critical review of findings and theories in this domain.