breaking the fibrosis–inflammation axis: the role of resveratrol and type 3 immunity in liver diseases

The liver is one of the most complex organs in the body due to its metabolic, immunological, and detoxification functions. during the progression of chronic liver diseases, fibrosis and inflammation form a self-perpetuating cycle. while fibrosis leads to hepatic dysfunction, the inflammatory response accelerates this process, contributing to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. therefore, breaking the fibrosis–inflammation axis has emerged as a critical therapeutic target. resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has gained considerable attention as a potential therapeutic agent in liver diseases due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. recent studies demonstrate that resveratrol modulates type 3 immune responses by suppressing th17 cell differentiation and il-17 production, thereby attenuating inflammation. moreover, it may promote hepatocyte regeneration and tissue repair through il-22–mediated mechanisms. both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that resveratrol inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation, reduces oxidative stress, and protects hepatocytes. collectively, these findings highlight resveratrol as a promising candidate for regulating immune responses and controlling fibro-inflammatory processes. considering its regulatory effects on type 3 immunity, resveratrol holds potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic liver diseases.