the impact of legal frameworks and public–private partnerships on sustainable economic development in iran’s coastal regions

Sustainable economic development in coastal regions requires an integrated approach that balances economic growth, social equity, and environmental stewardship. in iran, coastal areas are home to critical ports, fisheries, and maritime industries that contribute substantially to employment, trade, and regional prosperity. however, these regions often face significant challenges, including regulatory gaps, environmental degradation, and social inequalities that hinder long-term development.this study examines how legal frameworks and public–private partnerships (ppps) influence sustainable economic development in iran’s coastal regions. by analyzing existing laws, regulations, and ppp models, the research identifies key mechanisms through which governance and contractual arrangements can promote inclusive growth while ensuring ecological preservation. the paper also investigates the effectiveness of ppps in mobilizing investment, sharing risks, and enhancing service delivery, highlighting both opportunities and limitations within the current legal and policy environment.through a combination of qualitative policy analysis and review of regional case studies, the study provides insights into how coordinated legal and economic strategies can empower local communities, attract responsible investment, and facilitate equitable development outcomes. the findings underscore the importance of aligning legal instruments, institutional frameworks, and economic incentives with the principles of sustainability and social justice.this research offers practical recommendations for policymakers, legal authorities, and stakeholders engaged in maritime economic planning, emphasizing the potential of integrated governance approaches to foster long-term economic resilience and sustainable growth in iran’s coastal regions.