a localized framework for smart port development in iran: sanctions, cybersecurity, and sustainability

Maritime transportation, as the backbone of global trade, plays a decisive role in the efficiency of supply chains and key macroeconomic indicators. in iran’s economy, this sector holds even greater importance due to the country’s strategic geopolitical position, access to open seas, and the high dependence of energy exports on maritime transport. nevertheless, iran’s port and maritime transportation industry faces numerous structural challenges, including aging infrastructure, international sanctions, limited access to advanced technologies, and increasing cybersecurity risks.under these circumstances, the transition toward smart ports—based on fourth industrial revolution technologies such as the internet of things (iot), artificial intelligence, blockchain, and automation—has emerged as a key strategy for enhancing efficiency, resilience, and competitiveness in iranian ports. adopting an analytical–applied approach, this paper reviews international experiences in smart port development and identifies the technical, institutional, and security requirements for implementing such transformations within the specific context of iran’s economy.ultimately, the study proposes a localized and adaptive framework for the development of smart ports in iran that simultaneously accounts for sanction-related constraints, cybersecurity requirements, and economic and environmental sustainability considerations. the findings of this research can serve as a foundation for policymaking, strategic planning, and targeted investment in the country’s port sector.