integrated stakeholder-centric governance framework for green university transformation

Higher education institutions (heis) face increasing pressure to integrate sustainability into core operations, yet effective governance frameworks remain fragmented. this study synthesizes 103 peer-reviewed publications (2019-2025) to develop an integrated stakeholder-centric governance (iscg) framework for green university transformation. five dominant governance models emerged: participatory distributed governance, whole-institution systems thinking, dedicated sustainability offices, circular economy frameworks, and assessment-led governance. critical success factors include leadership commitment, integrated kpis, multi-stakeholder engagement, and systematic evaluation. case studies demonstrate that institutions combining distributed governance with dedicated offices and data-driven kpis achieve 40-65% improvements in sustainability metrics. the proposed iscg framework integrates structural, cultural, and participatory dimensions, providing a practical roadmap for heis to operationalize sustainability across governance, operations, curriculum, research, and community engagement.