eco-friendly preparation of trimetallic layered double hydroxide-carboxymethyl starch for methylene blue adsorption

Because of the concerns related to the pollution with methylene blue (mb) synthetic dye on water sources, as well as the environmental and health risks, the current research aimed to prepare a new adsorbent through the carboxymethyl starch (cms) incorporation in tri-metallic layered double hydroxide (znmgal ldh) to obtain a biobased nanoadsorbent (znmgal ldh-cms). in this way, the performed fourier-transform infrared (ft-ir), scanning electron microscopy (sem), and energy-dispersive x-ray (edx) characterization techniques verified the successful preparation of znmgal ldh-cms nanocomposite. the fabricated adsorbent attained 78.37 mg/g of mb removal from polluted aqueous solutions, with adsorption following pseudo-second-order kinetics (r2 = 0.9691) in this report, indicating a mechanism involving chemical adsorption. overall, the eco-friendly composition and acceptable adsorption efficiency make znmgal ldh-cms nanocomposite a good candidate for wastewater treatment, supporting green remediation technologies.