opportunities and challenges of zero energy house in iran

This article explores iran s evolving energy consumption patterns and the critical role of zero energy house (zeh) as a sustainable solution in the country’s diverse climatic and socio-economic landscape. the building sector in iran contributes significantly to national energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, underscoring the urgency to develop energy-efficient, carbon-neutral housing. the design of zeh combines passive strategies—such as optimized insulation, window placement, and airtightness—with active renewable energy systems like solar photovoltaics, adapted to local climates. despite the promise of zeh, challenges persist, including high initial costs, limited access to technology, and policy gaps. addressing these obstacles through coordinated policy, financial incentives, and local adaptation of global standards is essential for iran to meet its environmental and energy goals, fostering resilient, sustainable communities. this study highlights the opportunities and barriers for zeh adoption, offering a roadmap to support the transition to low-carbon housing in iran.