existing and new methods for disposal and elimination of biological wastes from veterinary clinics

The management of biological wastes in veterinary clinics includes infectious materials, anatomical wastes, sharps, and organic by-products from animal care and diagnostics. this report reviews existing methods like segregation and incineration, alongside emerging technologies such as plasma pyrolysis and biogas production. while traditional methods reduce immediate risks, they can cause environmental contamination, with 10-30% of waste classified as hazardous. innovative solutions offer sustainable alternatives but face challenges in low- and middle-income countries due to costs and infrastructure. these findings highlight the need for integrated strategies that combine regulatory enforcement, training, and technology adoption to improve safety and reduce zoonotic disease transmission and antimicrobial resistance. eco-friendly methods can lower operational costs and align with global sustainability goals. the report suggests actionable pathways like decentralized microwave sterilization for small clinics and emphasizes the importance of future research on lifecycle assessments to scale innovations in low- and middle-income contexts. transitioning to advanced waste management systems is crucial for pandemic preparedness and long-term viability.