بررسی ویژگی‌های سبک ادبی کتاب بیتال عجم از منظر علم بیان

نسخه‌های خطی آثار ارزشمندی هستند که به لحاظ تاریخی، هویتی، مذهبی و فرهنگی تبیین‌گر بخش مهمی از حیات یک کشور هستند. یکی از نسخه‌های خطی مهم و تاریخی، کتاب بیتال عجم است که از متون داستانی هند باستان به شمار می‌رود که در قرن سیزدهم هجری، به وسیلۀ مهاراجا مدهو کیشان و برادرش ایندرا کیشان بهادر، در هند به فارسی ترجمه شده است. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی ویژگی‌های سبک ادبی آن، از منظر علم بیان است. این پژوهش، ابتدا با شیوۀ کتاب‌خانه‌ای، سپس استخراج، طبقه‌بندی و بررسی آماری آرایه‌های (تشبیه، استعاره، مجاز و کنایه) و در نهایت با استفاده از روش تطبیقی به بسامدسنجی شیوه‌های ساختاری این آرایه‌ها، به ویژگی‌های سبکی آن ها در این اثر دست یافته است. کاربرد چشمگیر کنایه، اضافه‌های تشبیهی فراوان، ساختار تشبیه از نوع ترکیب وصفی، تشبیهات حسی به حسی و عقلی به حسی، استعاره‌های ساده و نزدیک به ذهن، استعاره‌های مکنیه از نوع ترکیب وصفی و فراوانی مجاز به علاقۀ جزئیه و محلّیه از شاخصه‌های مهم ادبی این اثر از منظر علم بیان هستند. یافته‌های مقاله نشان داد بیتال عجم، صرفاً یک اثر داستانی محض به زبان ساده نیست، بلکه به‌کارگیری فراوان آرایه‌های ادبی، به ویژه، بسامد بالای آرایه‌های کنایه، تشبیه، استعاره و مجاز، آن را به یک اثر ادبی ارزشمند تبدیل نموده و نثر بخش عمدۀ آن را در شمار نثر فنی قرار داده است.

investigating the characteristics of the literary style of bital ajam from the point of view of expression science

manuscripts are valuable works that explain an important part of a country's life in terms of history, identity, religion and culture. one of the important and historical manuscripts is bital ajam, which is one of the fictional texts of ancient india translated into persian in india in the 13th century by maharaja madhu kishan and his brother indra kishan bahador. the purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of its literary style from the perspective of the science of expression. this research, first with the library method, then extraction, classification and statistical analysis of the arrays (simile, metaphor, allusion and irony) and finally by using the comparative method to frequency measurement of the structural methods of these arrays, has achieved their stylistic characteristics in this work. the impressive use of irony, many simile additions, the simile structure of the type of descriptive composition, sensory to sensory and intellectual to sensory similes, simple metaphors that are close to the mind, mechanistic metaphors of the type of descriptive composition, and the abundance allowed for detail and local interest are important literary features. this work is from the perspective of the science of expression. the findings showed that bital ajam is not just a purely fictional work in simple language, but the abundant use of literary arrays, especially, the high frequency of irony, simile, metaphor, anmanuscripts are valuable works that explain an important part of a country's life in terms of history, identity, religion and culture. one of the important and historical manuscripts is bital ajam, which is one of the fictional texts of ancient india translated into persian in india in the 13th century by maharaja madhu kishan and his brother indra kishan bahador. the purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics of its literary style from the perspective of the science of expression. this research, first with the library method, then extraction, classification and statistical analysis of the arrays (simile, metaphor, allusion and irony) and finally by using the comparative method to frequency measurement of the structural methods of these arrays, has achieved their stylistic characteristics in this work. the impressive use of irony, many simile additions, the simile structure of the type of descriptive composition, sensory to sensory and intellectual to sensory similes, simple metaphors that are close to the mind, mechanistic metaphors of the type of descriptive composition, and the abundance allowed for detail and local interest are important literary features. this work is from the perspective of the science of expression. the findings showed that bital ajam is not just a purely fictional work in simple language, but the abundant use of literary arrays, especially, the high frequency of irony, simile, metaphor, and metaphor arrays, has turned it into a valuable literary work, and the main part is prose.d metaphor arrays, has turned it into a valuable literary work, and the main part is prose.