analysis of emerging approaches in cybersecurity for internet of things (iot) networks with an emphasis on smart urban and domestic infrastructures

The rapid expansion of internet of things (iot) technologies and their widespread integration into smart urban and domestic infrastructures have elevated cybersecurity challenges to a top research and industrial priority. the distributed nature, limited computational resources, heterogeneous communication protocols, and large-scale deployment of iot devices significantly increase the attack surface and demand novel security approaches capable of addressing sophisticated threats such as code injection attacks, compromised gateways, ai-driven malware, distributed ddos attacks, and network-based eavesdropping. this review article analyzes current literature on iot security and examines emerging approaches including blockchain, machine learning, zero-trust architectures, lightweight cryptography, distributed authentication, and quantum-resistant models. a comprehensive comparison with previous studies is provided through a detailed table, followed by a discussion of the innovations of the present work. finally, a thorough roadmap for enhancing cybersecurity in smart urban and home infrastructures through 2035 is presented.