geometric thinking in parametric design creativity: a theory-building literature analysis

This study develops a conceptual framework that elucidates the role of geometric thinking in fostering creativity within parametric design processes. while geometric thinking has long been recognized as central to spatial cognition in architecture and design, its specific function in parametric design creativity remains underexplored. to address this gap, the research adopts a qualitative theory-building approach based on a comprehensive analysis of scholarly sources, including journal articles, conference papers, and foundational texts in parametric design, geometric thinking, and design creativity. a structured qualitative analysis employing open, axial, and selective coding techniques was conducted to identify and synthesize recurring conceptual patterns. the findings indicate that creativity in parametric design emerges from the interaction of five interrelated dimensions: foundational drivers (such as control over parameters, designer autonomy, and geometric construction capabilities), the computational environment (including parametric platforms and digital modeling tools), influencing factors (such as system complexity and designer expertise), strategic mechanisms (including rule formation, algorithmic reasoning, scripting practices, and variation generation), and creative outcomes reflected in enhanced exploration and problem-solving. the proposed framework provides a theoretical synthesis that clarifies how geometric thinking functions as a mediating cognitive mechanism within digitally mediated design systems. by integrating geometric cognition with computational processes and creative dynamics, the study advances research in design cognition and computational design while offering a foundation for future empirical investigation and pedagogical application.