biodegradable material development from local resources of kish island: a sustainable approach to airline food packaging

The aviation industry generates significant packaging waste, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable material alternatives. this study aimed to identify and develop biodegradable food packaging materials derived from indigenous resources on kish island as a context-specific solution for airline catering. initially, a theoretical framework was established through a review of sustainable design principles, environmental challenges, and emerging approaches in food packaging. semi-structured interviews with local environmental experts were then conducted to identify viable natural resources as potential substitutes for conventional plastics. candidate materials, including algae, coral residues, palm leaves, crab shell waste, and local clay, were assessed based on biodegradability, durability, cost efficiency, production feasibility, and environmental impact. following analytical evaluation, a composite of palm leaf fibers and local clay was selected for experimental development. prototyping was carried out through drying, compression, and molding processes, resulting in bowl-shaped samples. testing demonstrated favorable mechanical strength, water and grease resistance, thermal durability, and full biodegradability. due to their natural origin and absence of petroleum-based synthetic additives, the selected materials present low toxicity potential and do not generate persistent microplastic residues, supporting their suitability for food-contact applications. the findings indicate that locally sourced biomaterials can provide a feasible, hygienic, and sustainable alternative for airline food packaging, integrating environmental responsibility with regional ecological identity and resource availability.