determination of lead levels in cold and hot beverages on the iranian market using the atomic absorption spectrometry method

People of all age groups worldwide extensively eat fruit juices, and their consumption has grown significantly in the last two decades. in addition to being tasty and appealing to the palate, fruit juices are usually extremely nutritious as well. the nutrients and essential elements found in fruit juices contribute to the well-being of humans. nevertheless, fruit juices may contain trace amounts of potentially toxic elements, which may have negative health effects. low-level exposure to heavy metals such as lead (pb), cadmium, arsenic, and mercury can cause toxic effects. pb is one of the most common heavy metals, recognized and highlighted as one of the most dangerous environmental poisons. the present study assessed pb level in beverages such as peach, pomegranate, orange, cherry, pineapple, grape, mango, aloe vera, apple banana, coffee powder, and tea powder from tehran, iran. all fruit juice samples were digested using a microwave digestion system and analysed using the developed and validated atomic absorption spectroscopy method. according to the results, the mean concentrations of pb in non-carbonated fruit drinks, nectar fruit drinks, coffee powder, and tea powder were 0.01964, 0.0084, 0.198, and 1.27333, respectively. pb concentrations ranging from 0.00 to 2.1 mg/l were found in all beverages analysed. as a result of the present study, pb concentration means in all samples studied were high and lower than the guidelines recommended by world health organization (who). nevertheless, continuous monitoring of heavy metal pollution in beverages is highly necessary