گزارش حفاظت اضطراری طا‌ق‌های ساسانیِ طبقه‌ی اول ضلع غربی طاق- سازه اسپهبد خورشید، سوادکوه

حفاظت اشیاء و بقایای معماری که از کاوش‌های باستان‌شناسی به دست می‌آیند، حین و بعد از کاوش از مباحث مهمی است که باید بیشتر مورد توجه قرار بگیرد. زمانی‌که شئ یا سازه‌ای از زیر خاک بیرون می‌آید، تحت تاثیر فرایند کاوش و تغییرات شرایط محیطی، علاوه بر آسیب‌های پیشین، مستعد صدمات جدی و بازگشت‌ناپذیر است. این آثار و سازه‌ها بعد از بیرون آمدن از زیر خاک، به‌دلیل برهم خوردن تعادل شرایط محیطی، پایداری خود را از دست می‌دهند و نیازمند اقدامات حفاظتی عاجل به‌منظور تثبیت وضعیت اثر هستند که تنها با همکاری و تعامل بین باستان‌شناس و حفاظت گر ممکن خواهد بود. در این مقاله تلاش شده است با ارائه گزارش کاوش و اقدامات اضطراری که به‌منظور حفاظت از بقایای اثر معماری ارزشمند با نام طاق- سازه اسپهبد خورشید در جنوب استان مازندران صورت گرفته است، بر ضرورت و اهمیت این موضوع تاکید شود.

emergency conservation report on the sassanid arches on the first floor of the western side of the espahbad khurdish arch-structure, savadkouh

conservation and restoration after archaeological excavations are important steps topics that should be given more attention, especially when a structure is excavated completely and uncovered, it is certainly faced with fundamental weaknesses and destructions. when these structures are unearthed, they are exposed to an environmental imbalance. at this point, the cooperation between archaeologists and restorers is of high importance. one of these protections has been carried out on an architectural work called espahbad khurshid arch-structure located on the northern slopes of the alborz mountains in south of mazandaran province and in the mountainous part of savadkouh city. in the summer of 2023, the historical vault of espahbad khurshid was excavated for the first time. the c14 dating documents that this architectural work has been used from the 3rd century ad to the 7th century ad and is related to the beginning of the sassanid era until the beginning of the islamic period in northern iran. the large arch structure of this building still remained on the three western, eastern and central sides. the height of the arch opening is 100 meters, and its horizontal length is about 85 meters. its depth is 5 meters at the lowest parts and 20 meters at the highest part. in total, about 8,500 square meters of the structure remained from this building. on the western side of this arch on the first terrace, an archaeological excavation has been carried out, which provided important finds including numerous pottery sherds, weaponries including arrow heads, glass vessels and sealing clay. important architectures were also revealed. among them were some arches with sassanid style and decorations which were immediately protected and restored after excavation, since the upper parts of the arch, which were visible under the rubble, were badly damaged. this restoration was done in cooperation with a large group of climbers and volunteers interested in history, archeology and nature tourism. this group has carried the needed materials for restoration including water, sand and plaster to the first terrace. the restoration style was based on the theory of the venice charter. in this article, we present the description of the architectural structure in the natural arch of espahbod khurshid and its archaeological and conservation measures.