optimization and performance analysis of photovoltaic panels for reducing building energy consumption in the bushehr climate: a hybrid study

The global challenges posed by population growth, increasing energy demand, and the depletion of fossil fuel resources have intensified the need for sustainable energy solutions. in this context, renewable energy sources—particularly solar energy—have emerged as key alternatives due to their sustainability and environmental compatibility. this study analyzes and optimizes a photovoltaic (pv) system aimed at reducing building energy consumption in the hot and humid climate of bushehr, iran (latitude 28.92°n). simulations were conducted using the trnsys software, evaluating the influence of factors such as building insulation, window-to-wall ratio, and panel tilt angle on system performance. the results indicate that south-facing pv panels installed at an optimal tilt angle of 25° can reduce building energy consumption by up to 25%. during summer months, the system decreased cooling loads by as much as 20% and partially met heating demands in winter. additionally, the annual energy cost savings shortened the payback period to 8.33 years, while reducing annual co₂ emissions by approximately 1.17 tons. these findings highlight the significance and effectiveness of pv systems in reducing energy consumption and environmental impact in similar climatic regions.