درک و تصور کنشگران اجتماعی از مقوله‌های موثر بر فعالیت نیکوکارانۀ زنان(مورد مطالعه: شهر اصفهان)

فعالیت نیکوکارانه از دیرباز مورد علاقۀ اقشار مختلف جامعه بوده است و زمینۀ مناسبی برای مشارکت زنان در اجتماع فراهم می‌سازد. برخی ادوار تاریخی همچون صفویه، اوج فعالیت زنان در این عرصه بوده که از نتایج آن حل بسیاری از چالش‌های اجتماعی است. ولیکن با گذشت زمان، افول حضور زنان در این عرصه و محدود‌بودن نوع آنها دیده می‌شود. باتوجه‌به اینکه انجام‌دادن چنین فعالیت‌هایی در بیشتر مواقع داوطلبانه و با اثربخشی بسیار در حل چالش‌های جامعه است، حضور خیل عظیم بانوان در این عرصه فواید بسیاری را برای جامعه دارد؛ بنابراین، بررسی درک و تصور کنشگران در این خصوص لازم است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبیین درک کنشگران اجتماعی (زنان و مردان) از عوامل موثر بر مشارکت نیکوکارانۀ زنان و با رویکرد کیفی و روش تحلیل تماتیک این موضوع را بررسی کرده و با استفاده از ابزار مصاحبۀ نیمه‌ساختار‌یافته و با اعمال معیار اشباع نظری، مقوله‌های موثر دراین‌خصوص را استخراج کرده است. نتایج پژوهش، 4 حوزۀ بستر شکل‌گیری (فاکتورهای اثربخش مشارکت، سطح آشنایی)، عوامل اثر‌بخش (نحوۀ آشنایی زنان، اعتماد اجتماعی)، نوع فعالیت (حمایت مالی – غیرمالی) و راهکارها (فردی، خانوادگی، اجتماعی) را از مقوله‌های موثر در این عرصه می‌داند.

social activists’ understanding and perception of categories affecting women’s charitable activities(case of study: isfahan city)

introductioncharitable activity has long been favored by different sections of society and provides a suitable ground for women’s participation in society. some historical periods, such as the safavid period, were the peak of women’s activity in this field, and one of its results was the solution to many social challenges. but with time, this growth in women’s voluntary charitable participation has been stopped or very slow, which has provided the basis for society not benefiting from this powerful potential. meanwhile, the global approach to this issue shows its expansion in different countries; as a result, it seems necessary to analyze the understanding and perception of social activists about the factors that contribute to the promotion of this issue. in this article, an attempt is made to answer these questions: what factors contribute to the increase of women’s participation in voluntary charitable activities? what are the solutions to increase the presence of women as half of the existing and actual social potential that can be the basis of fundamental changes in society in this field? research methodologyto investigate the understanding and perception of social activists (and not only women) regarding women’s charitable activities in iran, an interview was conducted with 30 women and men from isfahan city in the age range of 17-54 years and education degree from high school to doctorate. the interviewees were selected from both sexes so that the difference of views in terms of gender was also investigated. this interview is semi-structured and its analysis is done through the thematic analysis method (primary and secondary coding, conceptual order, analysis of results) and compiling the network of themes. to increase the reliability, the codes were entered into macq da2018 software and the results of research and analysis were examined.the interviewees were selected through targeted sampling according to the qualitative method. to increase the credibility of the research, it has been tried to conduct research from different ages, considering the generational changes in different decades. also, according to inglehart’s theory about the effect of education level on charitable activities, the level of education from high school to doctorate was considered to take into account the opinions of different educational levels. after each interview, analysis, and coding were done, and after 26 interviews, we reached theoretical saturation, but to ensure that, 4 more interviews were also conducted. findings based on the results of the research, 4 main categories under the title of formation platform, interveners, type of activity, and solutions were extracted as effective factors in women’s charitable participation, the lack of which is one of the obstacles to promoting women’s voluntary participation. conclusions regarding the formation platform category, effective factors on women’s charitable participation were extracted into two categories of selective codes: common factors and specific factors. common factors are factors that are similar between women and men and gender differences are not very effective in them, which are in two parts of the core codes: 1-a human-natural factors, and 1-b religious factors, and 2- special factors that are influenced by the characteristics of gender. gender difference was not involved in people’s innate tendency to do good deeds, and the nature of humans is the factor of tendency towards these activities and provides the ground for doing them in a way that can be seen in the results of the upcoming research; in other words, philanthropy is a special form of love that is rooted in human nature and manifests voluntarily and with the awareness of a human being towards another human being.