شناسایی عوامل موثر بر جمع‌آوری کمک‌های خرد مردمی

امروزه سازمان‌ها و موسسات فراوانی با هدف انجام برخی از خدمات اجتماعی ویژه افراد آسیب‌دیده اجتماعی، با مقاصد و اشکال گوناگون در تمامی کشورها درحال ‌فعالیت هستند و بخش بزرگی از منابع درآمدی آنها متکی به کمک‌های مردمی است؛ درنتیجه، به دست آوردن عواملی که بتوان با برنامه‌ریزی حول محور آنها، منابع درآمدی این موسسات را بهبود بخشید، به بهبود خدمات اجتماعی به اقشار نیازمند خواهد انجامید. براساس این، اهداف این پژوهش شناسایی عوامل موثر بر جمع‌آوری کمک‌های خرد مردمی و رتبه‌بندی این عوامل است. این پژوهش پس از استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و استفاده از نظرات ده نفر از خبرگان در مرحله اول دلفی، تعداد 47 عامل را به عوامل مهم تاثیرگذار بر کمک‌های خرد مردمی معرفی کرد. سپس با استفاده از گام دوم دلفی تعداد آنها را به 40 عامل کاهش داد. در ادامه، عوامل شناسایی‌شده با استفاده از نمودار خویشاوندی در هشت طبقه اصلی یا عامل اصلی، تقسیم‌بندی و تمام طبقات و تمامی زیرعوامل آنها با استفاده از تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی رتبه‌بندی شدند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان‌دهنده اهمیت فراوان باورهای دینی و عوامل اقتصادی در میزان انگیزه کمک مردمی و در مقابل، اهمیت کم برخی از شاخص‌ها مانند عوامل جمعیت‌شناختی است.

identifying the factors affecting the collection of public small donations

introductionthis paper tries to examine with a comprehensive view the effective factors in the collection of public micro-donations. the results of a national survey in iran’s national charity atlas for three consecutive years from 1399 to 1401 show that more than 90 percent of the country’s people pay for charity. based on this data, it can be claimed that one of the most important methods of collecting public donations is public micro-donations, and paying attention to the topic of this research can affect donations. another important point is that although charitable donations are widespread worldwide, in the review of theoretical literature, there aren’t consistent reviews about the factors that influence the collection of micro-donations, especially in a culture like iran. this indicates that the use of related scientific methods in social research such as collecting public donations can both bring attention to this important social task on the part of a member of the country’s scientific community and help the responsible institutions. with this approach, this research is looking to answer these questions: what factors are effective in the collection of micro-donations? how is the ranking of the identified factors effective in the collection of micro-donations?regarding the theories and motivations explaining charitable donations, very scattered topics have been raised in the research background and the area of indicators affecting the collection of public donations, almost the majority of the research presented is in the field of sociology. research methodologythe main purpose of the research is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the collection of micro-donations. from the objective point of view, the current research is in the category of applied research with a descriptive-analytical approach, and it has been done using library and documentary sources. in this research, a part of the necessary data to answer the questions has been collected through existing documents and research reports, and the other part has been done by referring to experts. in this research, the acceptability is confirmed by the validity of the research inputs, such as collecting data from past research, the selection of experts, and the validity of calculations. to achieve the research objectives and answer the questions, the current research has been carried out in two stages:the first stage is the identification stage; at this stage, the factors have been identified through library studies. in the following, experts’ opinions have been obtained through the delphi technique.in the second stage or the prioritization stage, these factors have been questioned for ranking. at this stage, the affinity diagram approach is used and the effective factors of the same family are placed in one class and all previously identified factors are taken as sub-factors in these classes. in the following, using the process of hierarchical analysis and two-by-two comparison, prioritization has been done. research findingin the first stage, after collecting all the factors from the library sources, 98 factors with different titles were obtained. considering the possibility of integration, aggregation, and standardization of factors, based on the number of 98 factors, 37 standard factors were extracted in this section after adjustment and standardization. in the first part of delphi, 10 factors were extracted. from these questionnaires, then according to the average scores of each indicator, all indicators with a score lower than the first quartile, i.e. 3.5, were removed, and 7 factors out of 47 factors were used for ranking. in the second step, the researcher classified all the factors that have a content affinity or natural relationships into eight separate groups using the kinship chart.