مطالعه کارکردهای رادیو در مناسک‌سازی امور خیریه و پویشگری دینی - اجتماعی

شناخت چگونگی کارکرد رسانه‌ها در حوزه‌های اجتماعی ازجمله دین یکی از موضوعات مهم در تاریخ رسانه بوده است و رادیو یکی از رسانه‌هایی است که از آغاز فعالیتش با توجه به سهولت دسترسی مخاطبان عام و خاص به آن، برای انتشار پیام‌های دینی به کار رفته است. بخشی از محتوای دینی ارائه‌شده در رادیو به شکل وعظ و دعا و آموزش مبانی دینی و بخش دیگر با هدف انسجام‌بخشیدن به گروه‌های پراکنده مخاطبان و بهره‌گیری از ظرفیت اجتماعی آنها در قالب فعالیت‌های عام‌المنفعه و خیریه دینی به‌ویژه مناسک‌سازی تولید شده است. مسئله تحقیق حاضر این است که دریابد چگونه از ظرفیت‌های آموزشی، اطلاع‌رسانی و اقناعی رادیو برای ترویج امور خیریه و مناسک‌سازی استفاده می‌شود. این مقاله می‌کوشد به دو سوال پاسخ دهد: در رادیو چه ساختاری برای اینگونه پیام‌ها و ترویج آن اتخاذ می‌شود؟ رادیو چگونه می‌تواند با تقویت پویش‌های دینی اجتماعی، فعالیت‌های خیریه را به نوعی مناسک تبدیل و به دوام آن کمک کند؟ در این مقاله با روش کیفی با رویکردی توصیفی‌تحلیلی نمونه‌هایی مطالعه می‌شوند که از دو رادیو فرهنگ و تهران انتخاب شده‌اند. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهند عواملی مانند تداوم و تمرکز بر اینگونه پیام‌ها که موجب شکل‌گیری پویش‌های اجتماعی خیریه در جامعه می‌شوند، نادیده گرفته شده‌اند و فرهنگ‌سازی با برنامه‌های پراکنده بدون استفاده از ظرفیت‌های جدید رسانه‌ای موجب نهادینه‌شدن پیام و درنتیجه، مشارکت مستمر و تبدیل امر خیر به مناسک نخواهد شد.

studying the functions of radio in the ritualization of charity affairs and religious-social campaigning

introductionunderstanding how religious rites are reflected in the media and their impact on the believing audience is only possible by knowing the contexts of the relationship between two important social institutions, religion and the media. considering the extent of the research conducted on the relationship between religion and media, the ideas presented can be found in a wide range from absolute acceptance to complete rejection of this contractual relationship. the number and form of beliefs and rituals are different in each religion, but in general, the purpose of performing rituals is to strengthen people’s relationship with the religious aspects of religion. for years, these two aspects of religion (beliefs and rituals) have been reflected in the media. the research problem of the article is to find out how radio’s educational, informative, and persuasive capacities are used to promote charity and rituals. how can radium turn charitable activities into rituals by strengthening social religious campaigns and help them last? in the media of radio, which uses the four elements of speech, music, effect, and silence, various forms of message presentation emerge and lead to the mental imagination of the audience and his emotional involvement. creating an environment for inducing a religious message is also different. this issue has an interdisciplinary nature and we can use many types of research for the background of the research. research methodologyconsidering the novelty of the subject, this research is exploratory, and in terms of method, it is qualitative, and it has been done with a documentary-library method and a descriptive-analytical approach based on theoretical studies. in this research, the library method is employed to use the ideas raised about the research topic to form a meaningful whole. in the second stage, several radio programs were listened to again and analyzed using the descriptive method. therefore, the research method in this research is inductive (moving from data to theory) to reach the key concepts. after searching for programs that deal with the issue of charity, two program titles, iran goghrāfi_ya mehrabānī from radio farhang and bar madāre_ nīkī” from” radio tehran were identified and five episodes from each of them from the fall and winter of 1400 were randomly selected. since the sample size in qualitative research does not have a specific amount and number, and the number of samples is determined based on the amount of information obtained and the saturation of information, so this number was sufficient. these programs were selected because claimed in their goals, introduction of charitable institutions and charitable affairs with the aim of raising public awareness and promotion of charitable affairs, charities and people who benefit from these charities research findingin addition to the structural weakness in messaging, the failure to broadcast the programs regularly at certain times and days, which is one of the principles of programming and helps to engage the audience, has weakened the effectiveness of the programs and the alignment of the audience with the charity campaign.