چالش تنظیم‌گری در حکمرانی امر خیر و داوطلبانه

بخش سوم اجتماعی شامل فعالیت گروه‌ها و موسسات غیردولتی اجتماعی در اشکال مختلف آن، ازجمله در حوزه نیکوکاری و فعالیت‌های داوطلبانه است؛ این بخش نقش مهمی در توسعه یک جامعه و حل مسائل اجتماعی آن دارد. در عین حال، اثربخشی مناسب این موسسات در جهت مشارکت اجتماعی و ایفای مسئولیت اجتماعی افراد جامعه، وقتی به دست می‌آید که رویه‌های حکمرانی و سیاست‌گذاری مناسب در کشور وجود داشته ‌باشد. در جامعه ایران که نیکوکاری و کار داوطلبانه پیشینه تاریخی طولانی دارد و نیز نهادهای حاکمیتی تلاش می‌کنند به سهم خود نقش هرچه بیشتری در صدور مجوز، نظارت و هدایت فعالیت‌های بخش غیردولتی اجتماعی و جلب مشارکت آنها داشته‌باشند، تنظیم‌گری و ایجاد رویه هماهنگ بین فعالیت‌ها و برنامه‌های سازمان‌های حاکمیتی مسئله‌ای بسیار مهم و یک ضرورت جدی است. در این پژوهش با تشریح انواع موسسات اجتماعی غیردولتی و مقایسه ماهیت آنها و براساس توصیفِ وضعیت فعلی در نوع برنامه‌ها و سیاست‌های موجود از سوی سازمان‌های مختلف حاکمیتی، به تحلیل مسائل و چالش‌های موجود در حوزه تنظیم‌گری در حوزه سیاست‌گذاری امر خیر و داوطلبانه پرداخته شده‌ است. درنهایت، براساس یافته‌های حاصل از این تحلیل، پیشنهادهای عملی برای اصلاح رویه‌های حکمرانی ارائه شده‌اند.

the challenge of regulation in the governance of charity and voluntary affairs

introductionsocial participation, as one of the main pillars of social capital, plays an important role in the development of a society; but the policy-making method and governance procedures in the field of promoting and stabilizing social participation in various economic, social, cultural, and political affairs can seriously affect the results of the type of use of social participation capacity in society.what is important beyond the essence of paying attention to social participation in various affairs in a society, is how to deal with it, policy-making, and establishment of a good governance system in it. although participation in social affairs is not a sovereign category in general, the role of governments, especially based on the fact that they can impose restrictions on the type and direction of this participation through legislation, determining procedures, and issuing licenses, is very important and fundamental.what is discussed in this article refers to this issue. in our country, good deed in the sense of charity and voluntary humanitarian action for the benefit of another and without looking at one’s own benefit, has a very long history. various models of good work and charity to respond to various social needs have existed in iranian society for centuries and even before the establishment of the modern government, and have responded to an important part of social needs. but from a specific point in time with the establishment of the modern government in iran, a specific law for granting licenses to charitable institutions was also approved and implemented.considering the above problem, the main and basic question of this article is what are the main regulatory challenges in the governance of charity and volunteering? based on this, the answer to another important question will also be considered: what is the appropriate solution to face these challenges and solve them? the theoretical background of the subjectnon-governmental social institutions must have two minimum and mandatory characteristics in their statutes and goals: to be 1- non-governmental and 2- non-political. at the same time, there are considerations in terms of economic activity and income sources of institutions. based on this, four types of institutions that can operate in the non-governmental social sphere can be defined:non-profit non-commercial institutions: these types of institutions/organizations are actually the ones known as non-governmental organizations (ngos) and charities. these institutions or social organizations are active to solve a social problem, meet the needs of some groups of society and reduce their sufferings, improve their welfare and social status, and so on. but they cannot share the benefits of their activities among their members like commercial companies.for-profit non-commercial organization: this type of social organization, which is set up with the aim of providing a type of social service to the target groups, does not have any restrictions for making a profit and reaching profit to its members or managers.non-profit commercial institutions: these types of institutions, which are very few in the country and at the same time mostly face the lack of official regulations, include an important part of social actors who, although produce and sell a commercial product, their purpose is not to distribute profit to members. social entrepreneurship models in the special sense of the word are included in these institutions.for-profit commercial institutions: these types include profitable economic enterprises that, except through fulfilling the social responsibility of economic enterprises, which is an activity on the sidelines of their main activity and not the main nature of the institution itself, their goals and activities generally do not have a social aspect in terms of the concept of public good and volunteering from the path of social participation.