توسعه مدل عامل‌بنیان تاثیر توزیع مناسب منابع خیریه‌ها بر نابرابری اقتصادی

یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌ها در اقتصاد هر کشور، بحث نابرابری اقتصادی، کنترل و جلوگیری از تبعات آن است؛ از این رو، در علم اقتصاد پیامدهای نابرابری اقتصادی، به امر بسیار با اهمیتی تبدیل شده است. همچنین، براساس پژوهش‌هایی که با استفاده از مدلسازی عامل‌بنیان به بررسی نابرابری اقتصادی پرداخته شده، به وجود آمدن نابرابری اقتصادی به اثبات رسیده‌ است. یکی از بحث‌ها در زمینه نابرابری اقتصادی، ایفای نقش خیریه‌ها در تعدیل و کاهش نابرابری اقتصادی است. در ادبیات تحقیق به وجود پیچیدگی و ابهام در رابطه با نقش خیریه‌ها در کاهش نابرابری اقتصادی تاکید شده است و در بسیاری از آنها به‌صورت جزء‌نگرانه به این مسئله پرداخته‌ شده است. در مطالعه حاضر، یک مدل عامل‌بنیان براساس مدل اقتصادی توزیع ثروت با نرم‌افزار نتلوگو توسعه داده شده است و در آن نقش خیریه‌ها و توزیع مناسب منابع آنها در یک محیط شبیه‌سازی‌شده، با طراحی سه سناریوی متفاوت گزارش می‌شود. با بررسی نتایج این سناریوها مشخص می‌شود وجود خیریه‌ها در کاهش نابرابری اقتصادی موثر است و ایجاد سازوکار توزیع مناسب منابع خیریه‌ها تاثیر بیشتری در کاهش نابرابری اقتصادی دارد.

development of agent-based model of the effect of appropriate distribution of charity resources on economic inequality

introductionnowadays, due to the globalization of the economy, the problems related to the economic situation in the countries have been given more attention. these issues and dilemmas have resulted in many consequences for societies, therefore economic inequality has become an important issue for countries and they are looking for ways to reduce it (tanjitpiyanond et al., 2022; vyas et al., 2022). the issues and problems that economic inequality creates for countries can sometimes lead to irreparable crises for countries (beesley & hawkins, 2022; neapolitan, 1999; stiglitz, 2012; wilkinson & pickett, 2010). economic inequality is a phenomenon that classical economics hardly can clarify its exact roots and consequences, and this is because the approach of classical economics does not consider all economic aspects and cause and effect relationships between variables (markey- towler & foster, 2013). charities and non-governmental organizations are among the institutions that there is a lot of discussion about their impact in reducing economic inequality and in general the impact of charities on macroeconomics and economic inequality. therefore, in recent years, much research has been conducted on the effect of charities and non-governmental organizations in reducing economic inequality (arulampalam et al., 2015; fateh ahmad & majid, 2022; jaffer, 2020; mastromatteo & russo, 2017). at present, the activities of charities in our country are such that they do not bring about big events in solving social issues, and the main reason for the weakness of charities in making a proper impact to improve society is the existence of many trustees without a proper road map (lotfi, 2018). research methodologythe main purpose of the current study is to investigate the effect of charities and also the proper distribution of charities’ resources on economic inequality. therefore, in a laboratory environment, the mechanism of proper distribution of charity resources is examined by designing scenarios. because the implementation of these scenarios in real space requires high cost and time, in the present study, the agent-based modeling approach was used (an et al., 2021).one of the simulation approaches that has recently received a lot of attention in the field of social and economic sciences, especially in systems that have a lot of complexity, is agent-based modeling. in this approach, different components of a system are modeled using the concept of an agent, and in social sciences, each agent can represent a person in society, and in this type of modeling, it is also possible to define exchanges and processes between system components (wilensky & rand, 2015). in the present study, the simulation is implemented in the netlogo software, and epstein and axtell’s sugarscape model was used to model the economic system of the present study (epstein & axtell, 1996). this model is also available in the netlogo software standard library (wilensky & rand, 2015). the sugarscape model has been developed based on the topic that is the main goal of the present study so that the role of charities and the way of distribution of charities’ resources can be modeled and the questions raised can be examined using predetermined scenarios. economic inequality in different scenarios is reported using the gini coefficient index (deltas, 2003). research findingstable 1 shows the results of 10 times of the implementation of different scenarios designed in this article, which briefly shows the effect of the existence of charities and also the creation of a suitable mechanism for distributing the resources of charities in the economic model studied in this article. table 1. statistical report of the number of people of different economic classes after 1 year by comparing the average gini coefficient in three different scenarios, it is clear that the best economic situation in terms of economic inequality was the third scenario.