پویایی‌شناسی گفتمان شهر سبز: یک تحلیل علم‌سنجی از تحولات مفهومی و حوزه‌‌های نوظهور پژوهشی (1979-2024)

گسترش گفتمان شهر سبز و تحول آن به رویکردی کل‌نگر به‌خصوص در دهه‌‌های اخیر ضرورت شناسایی روندها و شکاف‌‌های پژوهشی آن را الزامی کرده است. بر این اساس، هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل نقشۀ دانش شهر سبز، شناسایی روند‌های تحول مفهومی و شکاف‌‌های پژوهشی آن است. روش پژوهش از نوع کاربردی و مبتنی بر علم‌سنجی است. با استفاده از نرم‌افزار vosviewer اقدام به تحلیل شبکه‌‌های هم‌رخدادی واژگان و هم‌نویسندگی 1587 منبع نمایه‌شده در پایگاه اسکوپوس کرده است. بازۀ زمانی منابع پژوهش حاضر، از سال‌‌های 1979 تا 2024 است. یافته‌‌های پژوهشی بیانگر رشد چشمگیر تولید دانش شهر سبز در سال‌ 2007 به‌علت انتشار چهارمین گزارش هیئت بین ‌دولتی تغییرات اقلیمی و اهداف توسعۀ هزاره و رشد پرشتاب‌تر آن در سال 2019 به‌دلیل انتشار اهداف توسعۀ پایدار به‌خصوص هدف 11 (شهرها و اجتماعات پایدار) است. کشور چین با انتشار 616 منبع قطب جهانی دانش شهر سبز است که علت آن ریشه در چالش‌‌های شهرنشینی انفجاری، سیاست‌گذاری تمرکزگرا و همسویی سیستم دانشگاهی با اولویت‌‌های ملی دارد. تحلیل خوشه‌‌های واژگانی هشت حوزۀ کلیدی مشتمل بر فناوری‌‌های هوشمند، برنامه‌ریزی اکولوژیک، اقتصاد سبز، مدیریت منابع طبیعی، رفتار مصرف‌کننده، تاب‌آوری اقلیمی، اکولوژی شهری و سلامت انسانی را آشکار کرده است. تحول مفهومی شهر سبز پنج مرحلۀ متمایز را تجربه کرده است. با وجود غلبۀ گفتمان فنی و مهندسی در سال‌‌های اولیه، گفتمان شهر سبز به‌سمت چهارچوبی انسان‌مبنا، یکپارچه و میان رشت‌های حرکت کرده که در تقاطع محیط‌زیست، فناوری، عدالت اجتماعی و رفتار شهروندان قرار دارد. با وجود این، شکاف‌‌های پژوهشی مهمی نظیر عدم انسجام بین ابعاد فناوری و انسانی و رفتاری و و کمبود مطالعات یکپارچه در حوزۀ اقتصاد، اکولوژی و عدالت اجتماعی، همچنان در این حوزه وجود دارد. پیشنهاد پژوهش برای پوشش شکاف‌‌های مذکور، انجام پژوهش‌‌های یکپارچه در حوزه‌‌های اقتصاد، اکولوژی و عدالت اجتماعی، تقویت یکپارچگی بین ابعاد فناوری و رفتاری و بسط رویکرد‌های میان‌رشته‌ای است. پژوهش حاضر نشان می‌دهد حرکت تحول مفهومی شهر سبز به‌سمت چهارچوبی انسان‌محور است، در عین حال، شکاف‌‌های پژوهشی همچنان به تحقیقات جدی نیاز دارد.

analysis of the green city knowledge map as a new urban planning paradigm using vosviewer

introductionanalysis of the green city knowledge map using the vosviewer tool identifies research gaps in this field. the results of these analyses show that while most studies address environmental and land-use issues, the social, cultural, and economic dimensions of the green city have not been adequately addressed. this gap underscores the need for more comprehensive research to establish the necessary balance among the different dimensions of sustainable development. vosviewer also highlights that most studies in this field have been conducted in western countries and in english, and studies in developing regions with different cultural and climatic conditions are not sufficiently available. this geographical imbalance in knowledge production can lead to incorrect generalizations and inappropriate policy design in regions with different conditions. therefore, this is considered a major research gap in the field of green cities. finally, the results of the green city knowledge maps using vosviewer show that the connections between different knowledge areas (such as architecture, urban planning, environment, urban economics, etc.) are not yet well established. this points to the need for interdisciplinary, integrated research to address the complex challenges of today's cities with a comprehensive approach. therefore, identifying these gaps can be a basis for guiding the future of green city research.theoretical frameworkgreen cities are defined as cities that strive to reduce their environmental impact by reducing waste, expanding recycling, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing housing density while expanding open space, and encouraging the development of sustainable local businesses. a green city is one in which all forms of nature – living organisms, their ecosystems, and habitats – are vital components of its green infrastructure. in a green city, these forms of nature are preserved, maintained, and expanded for the benefit of the city's residents. urban nature is an ideal provider of services and a key concept for city development. green cities have clean air and water, and pleasant streets and parks. green cities are resilient in the face of natural disasters, and the risk of major infectious diseases spreading in such cities is low. green cities also encourage green behaviors, such as using public transportation, and have a relatively low ecological impact.methodologythe present study is a mixed-methods study with an applied purpose and was conducted using a scientometric method based on the analysis of co-authorship and word co-occurrence. the study's statistical population comprises scientific, conference, and book publications by global authors in english on the green city paradigm published between 1979 and 2025. the sources of the statistical population of the present study are indexed in the scopus scientific database. the reason for using the scopus database is that it has more comprehensive resources than web of science and provides access to a larger number of resources. vosviewer software was used to visualize the network of co-authorship and co-occurrence of words, as it was developed for the construction and visualization of bibliometric maps, and its graphical displays effectively depict the network. an advanced search for the term 'green city paradigm' in the scopus database, without restrictions on title, abstract, or keywords, identified 1587 references between 1979 and 2025. the highest frequency of references is from 2024 (236 references). it is worth noting that the basis of the co-authorship network is 4. the basis of the co-occurrence network of terms is 5. in addition, the dimensions, components, and indicators of the green city were extracted through interviews with 15 experts.result and discussionthe green city paradigm co-authorship network comprises 121 co-authors and researchers, organized into 8 clusters. based on the co-occurrence network, the most frequent green city words consist of china (248), sustainable development (225), urban planning (172), green space (166), urban area (161), sustainability (140), urban development (94), human (86), climate change (82), ecology (80), urbanization (74), smart city (72), urban growth (72), decision-making (66), green infrastructure (62), innovation (58), biodiversity (56), economic development (54), environmental protection (52), optimization (49), green economy (48), urban design (47), carbon (44), ecosystem services (43), land use (43), accounting green (43), carbon emissions (42) and energy efficiency (41). the time course of the evolution of green city concepts and terms has been classified into five stages, including 2016-1979; 2016-2018; 2020-2018; 2022-2020; and 2025-2022. as a result, since 2025-2022, more attention has been paid to green attitude, green economy, green purchase intention, carbon emissions, efficiency, building information modeling, water, economic development, urban regeneration, green finance, green innovation, green logistics, green production, green technology, green technology innovation, sustainable development goals, consumption behavior, theory of planned behavior, social responsibility and overall green factor efficiency.conclusionthe results of the study indicate that research in this field has gradually moved from traditional urban management approaches to innovative, ecological, and participatory frameworks. the knowledge map drawn with vosviewer identified commonalities and interactions across scientific disciplines such as geography, environment, urban planning, architecture, and the social sciences, and revealed numerous research networks centered on concepts such as zero carbon, resilient cities, and public green spaces. also, the analysis of keywords and scientific references showed that the green city paradigm is influenced by global trends, including climate change, sustainable development, and the millennium development goals. in summary, the green city, as a new urban planning paradigm, is not only an innovative response to the environmental and social challenges of today's cities, but also paves the way for the realization of sustainable development at the local and national levels. awareness of the existing knowledge base in this field can be a key to identifying research gaps, strengthening interdisciplinary collaborations, and informing urban planning policies. therefore, continuing qualitative and quantitative studies in this field using knowledge extraction tools such as vosviewer seems essential.